Diptera Flashcards by Corinne Perra

What are the identifying characteristics of Insects?

3 pairs of legs
Head, thorax, abdomen
Antenna

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What is the live cycle of Diptera

Egg - larva -pupa-adult

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What is the Veterinary importance of Diptera (files)

Biological transmission of organisms
Mechanical transmission 
Fly strike (myiasis)

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Muscidae contains what group of insects?

Flies of domestic animals

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Common name of Musca domestica?

House fly

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Hosts of Musca domestica?

Domestic animals and humans

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Adults 5.5. 7.5 mm
Light to dark grey
Sticky hairs on pads of legs
Sponging mouthparts

Musca domestica
House fly

Musca autumalis
Face fly

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Common name of Musca autumnalis?

Face fly

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What is the site of infestation of Musca atumnalis?

Animal secretions and wounds

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What is the pathogenesis of Musca autumnalis?

Annoyance (feeds on face secretions)

Mechanical and biological vector

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What are the clinical signs of Musca autumnalis ?

Decreased grading
Drop in performance
Eye disorders/conjunctivitis

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Common name of Stomoxys calcitrans?

Stable fly/biting house fly

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Host of stomoxys calitrans

Most animals and humans

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Adults 5.5 -7.5mm
Mouthparts ridged, conspicuous, and forward projecting
Sits on wall head up

Stomoxys calcitrans

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What is the life cycle of Stomoxys calcitrans ?

Feed on blood
3mins to finish blood meal
Females lay eggs on decaying matter (damp hay)

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Pathogenesis and clinical signs of Stomoxys calcitrans ?

Attacks animals -> head and ear movement, skin twitches, and tail swishes

Transmit disease organisms

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What is the treatment and prevention of face fly ad stable fly?

Screens
Sanitation
Insecticides
Treat horse and environment 
Do NOT treat compost

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Common name of haematobia irritans?

Horn fly

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Host of haematobia irritans

Cattle

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Smallest blood sucking muscid
1/4 size of stable fly and shorter proboscis

Haematobia irritans

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Life cycle of haematobia irritans?

Remain on host except when female lays eggs in fresh feces

Overwinter (pupa diapause)

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Site of infection of Haematobia irritans?

Back
Abdomen when raining
Cluster around horns

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Pathogenesis of haematobia irritans

Intense irritatin
Impair milk production and weight gain
Transmit cattle helminths

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Culicoides spp common name?

Biting midges

No-see-umm

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Hosts of culicoides spp?

Domestic animals and humans

ID 1.5mm Mottled wings, short piercing probiscis, antenna long and slender

Culicoides | No-see-umm

Pathogenesis of culicoides spp?

Annoyance | Transmit Protozoa, helminth (onchocerca) and virus

Clinical signs of culicoides spp?

Painful bite | Allergic rxn in some horses

Treatment and prevention of culicoides spp?

Decrease standing water Avid marshy pasture Treat horse: repellent, insecticide

Common name of Tabanus spp?

Horse fly

Host of Tabanus spp?

Large domestic or wild animal, human, small animals, birds.. Why don't they just say everything?

Pathogenesis of Tabanus spp?

Painful bite | Mechanical vectors

Common name of Chysopos spp?

Deer fly

ID Dark band across wing Antennae elongate Bite horse in shaded area Horse stands in sun to avoid

Chrysops spp

How are Tabanus spp and Chrysops spp differentiated for diagnosis

Chrysops prefers shade Chrysops have longer antennae

Treatment and prevetion of Tabanids (Tabanus and Chrysops spp)

Repellents and insecticides on animal and in housing

Host of melophagus ovinus?

Sheep

ID Flattened, hairy, wingless Blood sucking mouthparts In wool of sheep

Melophagus ovinus

Life cycle of melophagus ovinus ?

Female produce one egg that hatches in her body Third instar attach to fleece Pupate Adults emerge in 3 wks in summer (longer in winter)

What is the infestation of living animals with the larvae of Diptera flies?

Myiasis Facultative or obligatory

Cutaneous myiasis is also known as ________

Fly strike

What species are in the family Oestridae?

Cuterebra spp Hypoderma spp Oestrus ovis Larvae- obligatory parasites (host specific) Adults- large flies with non-functional mouthparts

Common name of Cuterebra spp?

Rodent/rabbit bot fly | New world skin bot flies

Host to cuterebra spp?

Rodent, rabbit, dog, cat Zoonotic

What is the site of infection of cuterebra spp?

Subcutaneous tissue -nasal and oral regions | Can migrate to brain

Pathogenesis and lesions of cuterebra spp?

Fibrotic cyst forms from instar in subcutaneous tissue. Instar in brain of cat can lead to infarction

Diagnosis of Cuterebra spp?

Instar can be removed whole Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction Wound heals slowly

Common name of hypoderma spp?

Warble fly, heel fly, on warble (adult) Cattle grub (instar)

Host of hypoderma spp?

Cattle

The 1st instar stage of hypoderma over winters; Hypoderma ____________ accumulates in submucosa of espohagus and Hypoderma __________ accumulates in epidural fat of spinal cord

Lineatum | Bovis

What species of hypoderma is laid in lines of 6 or more on a lower limb

H. Lineatum

What is the site of infestation of 3rd stage instars of hypoderma?

Lumps (warbles) on backs of cattle in spring

What 3rd stage larvae of Diptera is found under the skin and causes damage/downgrades carcass leading to economic losses

Hypoderma spp

What are the clinical signs of Hyproderma spp?

Bloat ->H lineatum | Paraplegia -> H. Bovis (toxins)

What is the common name of oestrus ovis?

Sheep nasal bot | Warble fly of sheep

Host of oestrus ovis?

Sheep,goat, llama, humans

ID Sheep Nasal bots 3cms long, yellowish-white

Oestrus ovis | Sheep nasal bot

What is the life cycle of oestrus ovis?

Female deposit 1st instar in nostril of she Overwinter (2wks to 9months) Developing bots feed on mucus causing irritation 2nd and 3rd stage instars develop in frontal sinuses Sneezed out -> pupate Adults emerge

What is the pathogenesis of oestrus ovis?

Irritation by hooks and spines Bacterial infection common Lose condition and weight-> avoiding fly attacks Nasal discharge Aberrant migration through soft pallet -> brain cavity Humans can be infected in eye or lip-> no further development

What is the common name of Gasterophilus spp? And what species does it infest?

Bot fly larvae Bot fly Horse

What are the two species of Gasterophilus spp?

G. Intestinalis -red; two rows of spines G. Nasalis -yellow; one row of spines

What is the life cycle of Gasterophilus spp

Egg hatch to first instar (G. Intestinalis hatches when licked and attaches to tongue; G. Nasalis hatches spontaneously and crawls into mouth) 1st and 2nd instar strange in oral cavity 3rd instar swallowed and develops Pass in feces -> pupate ->adult

Eggs of Gasterophilus intestinalis are laid _______________ and eggs of Gasterophilus nasalis are laid __________________

Foreleg and shoulder ; intermandibular space

The 3rd stage instar of Gaterophilus intersinalis is found in the _______________ while Gaterophilus nasalis is found in the ___________________

Stomach; small intestine

What is the pathogenesis and clinical signs of Gasterophilus spp?

Adult fly annoyance Instars can provoke inflammatory reaction Fly worry

What is the treatment for Gasterophilus spp?

Manual removal of eggs | Endoparasiticides for instar stages

Common name of cochliomyia hominivorax

Screwworm

Host of cochliomyia hominivorax

Livestock

ID Blush green flies Three stripes of throax Orange brown eyes On livestock

Cochliomyia hominivorax

What is the life cycle of cochliomyia hominivorax ?

Larvae feed invasively on living tissue | Adult females mate only once in entire life

What is the site of infestation of cochliomyia hominivorax ?

Eggs laid on fresh, uninflected wounds

What is the pathogenesis of cochliomyia hominivorax?

Wound attract female flies Blowfly strike Foul smelling lesion Death of host

Diagnosis of cochliomyia hominivorax ?

Maggots in lesion Reportable

What is the treatment and prevention of cochliomyia hominivorax ?

Treat wounds | Release sterile males

What is the common name of scarophagidae?

Flesh flies

Host of sarcophagidae?

Any animal

Life cycle of sarcophagidae?

1st instar laid in sores/wounds/wool soiled with feces or urine 3rd instar and leave host to pupate Pupae overwintering stage

Site of infestation of sarcophagidae?

Skin wool

Treatment and prevention

Prevent situations that attract flies - sanitation - improve husbandry - tail docking Treat wound immediately