Diptera Flashcards
What are the identifying characteristics of Insects?
3 pairs of legs
Head, thorax, abdomen
Antenna
What is the live cycle of Diptera
Egg - larva -pupa-adult
What is the Veterinary importance of Diptera (files)
Biological transmission of organisms Mechanical transmission Fly strike (myiasis)
Muscidae contains what group of insects?
Flies of domestic animals
Common name of Musca domestica?
House fly
Hosts of Musca domestica?
Domestic animals and humans
ID
Adults 5.5. 7.5 mm
Light to dark grey
Sticky hairs on pads of legs
Sponging mouthparts
Musca domestica
House fly
OR
Musca autumalis
Face fly
Common name of Musca autumnalis?
Face fly
What is the site of infestation of Musca atumnalis?
Animal secretions and wounds
What is the pathogenesis of Musca autumnalis?
Annoyance (feeds on face secretions)
Mechanical and biological vector
What are the clinical signs of Musca autumnalis ?
Decreased grading
Drop in performance
Eye disorders/conjunctivitis
Common name of Stomoxys calcitrans?
Stable fly/biting house fly
Host of stomoxys calitrans
Most animals and humans
ID
Adults 5.5 -7.5mm
Mouthparts ridged, conspicuous, and forward projecting
Sits on wall head up
Stomoxys calcitrans
What is the life cycle of Stomoxys calcitrans ?
Feed on blood
3mins to finish blood meal
Females lay eggs on decaying matter (damp hay)
Pathogenesis and clinical signs of Stomoxys calcitrans ?
Attacks animals -> head and ear movement, skin twitches, and tail swishes
Transmit disease organisms
What is the treatment and prevention of face fly ad stable fly?
Screens Sanitation Insecticides Treat horse and environment Do NOT treat compost
Common name of haematobia irritans?
Horn fly
Host of haematobia irritans
Cattle
ID
Smallest blood sucking muscid
1/4 size of stable fly and shorter proboscis
Haematobia irritans
Life cycle of haematobia irritans?
Remain on host except when female lays eggs in fresh feces
Overwinter (pupa diapause)
Site of infection of Haematobia irritans?
Back
Abdomen when raining
Cluster around horns
Pathogenesis of haematobia irritans
Intense irritatin
Impair milk production and weight gain
Transmit cattle helminths
Culicoides spp common name?
Biting midges
No-see-umm
Hosts of culicoides spp?
Domestic animals and humans
ID
1.5mm
Mottled wings, short piercing probiscis, antenna long and slender
Culicoides
No-see-umm
Pathogenesis of culicoides spp?
Annoyance
Transmit Protozoa, helminth (onchocerca) and virus
Clinical signs of culicoides spp?
Painful bite
Allergic rxn in some horses
Treatment and prevention of culicoides spp?
Decrease standing water
Avid marshy pasture
Treat horse: repellent, insecticide
Common name of Tabanus spp?
Horse fly
Host of Tabanus spp?
Large domestic or wild animal, human, small animals, birds..
Why don’t they just say everything?
Pathogenesis of Tabanus spp?
Painful bite
Mechanical vectors
Common name of Chysopos spp?
Deer fly
ID
Dark band across wing
Antennae elongate
Bite horse in shaded area
Horse stands in sun to avoid
Chrysops spp
How are Tabanus spp and Chrysops spp differentiated for diagnosis
Chrysops prefers shade
Chrysops have longer antennae
Treatment and prevetion of Tabanids (Tabanus and Chrysops spp)
Repellents and insecticides on animal and in housing
Host of melophagus ovinus?
Sheep
ID
Flattened, hairy, wingless
Blood sucking mouthparts
In wool of sheep
Melophagus ovinus
Life cycle of melophagus ovinus ?
Female produce one egg that hatches in her body
Third instar attach to fleece
Pupate
Adults emerge in 3 wks in summer (longer in winter)
What is the infestation of living animals with the larvae of Diptera flies?
Myiasis
Facultative or obligatory
Cutaneous myiasis is also known as ________
Fly strike
What species are in the family Oestridae?
Cuterebra spp
Hypoderma spp
Oestrus ovis
Larvae- obligatory parasites (host specific)
Adults- large flies with non-functional mouthparts
Common name of Cuterebra spp?
Rodent/rabbit bot fly
New world skin bot flies
Host to cuterebra spp?
Rodent, rabbit, dog, cat
Zoonotic
What is the site of infection of cuterebra spp?
Subcutaneous tissue -nasal and oral regions
Can migrate to brain
Pathogenesis and lesions of cuterebra spp?
Fibrotic cyst forms from instar in subcutaneous tissue.
Instar in brain of cat can lead to infarction
Diagnosis of Cuterebra spp?
Instar can be removed whole
Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Wound heals slowly
Common name of hypoderma spp?
Warble fly, heel fly, on warble (adult)
Cattle grub (instar)
Host of hypoderma spp?
Cattle
The 1st instar stage of hypoderma over winters; Hypoderma ____________ accumulates in submucosa of espohagus and Hypoderma __________ accumulates in epidural fat of spinal cord
Lineatum
Bovis
What species of hypoderma is laid in lines of 6 or more on a lower limb
H. Lineatum
What is the site of infestation of 3rd stage instars of hypoderma?
Lumps (warbles) on backs of cattle in spring
What 3rd stage larvae of Diptera is found under the skin and causes damage/downgrades carcass leading to economic losses
Hypoderma spp
What are the clinical signs of Hyproderma spp?
Bloat ->H lineatum
Paraplegia -> H. Bovis (toxins)
What is the common name of oestrus ovis?
Sheep nasal bot
Warble fly of sheep
Host of oestrus ovis?
Sheep,goat, llama, humans
ID
Sheep
Nasal bots 3cms long, yellowish-white
Oestrus ovis
Sheep nasal bot
What is the life cycle of oestrus ovis?
Female deposit 1st instar in nostril of she
Overwinter (2wks to 9months)
Developing bots feed on mucus causing irritation
2nd and 3rd stage instars develop in frontal sinuses
Sneezed out -> pupate
Adults emerge
What is the pathogenesis of oestrus ovis?
Irritation by hooks and spines
Bacterial infection common
Lose condition and weight-> avoiding fly attacks
Nasal discharge
Aberrant migration through soft pallet -> brain cavity
Humans can be infected in eye or lip-> no further development
What is the common name of Gasterophilus spp? And what species does it infest?
Bot fly larvae
Bot fly
Horse
What are the two species of Gasterophilus spp?
G. Intestinalis -red; two rows of spines
G. Nasalis -yellow; one row of spines
What is the life cycle of Gasterophilus spp
Egg hatch to first instar (G. Intestinalis hatches when licked and attaches to tongue; G. Nasalis hatches spontaneously and crawls into mouth)
1st and 2nd instar strange in oral cavity
3rd instar swallowed and develops
Pass in feces -> pupate ->adult
Eggs of Gasterophilus intestinalis are laid _______________ and eggs of Gasterophilus nasalis are laid __________________
Foreleg and shoulder ; intermandibular space
The 3rd stage instar of Gaterophilus intersinalis is found in the _______________ while Gaterophilus nasalis is found in the ___________________
Stomach; small intestine
What is the pathogenesis and clinical signs of Gasterophilus spp?
Adult fly annoyance
Instars can provoke inflammatory reaction
Fly worry
What is the treatment for Gasterophilus spp?
Manual removal of eggs
Endoparasiticides for instar stages
Common name of cochliomyia hominivorax
Screwworm
Host of cochliomyia hominivorax
Livestock
ID
Blush green flies
Three stripes of throax
Orange brown eyes
On livestock
Cochliomyia hominivorax
What is the life cycle of cochliomyia hominivorax ?
Larvae feed invasively on living tissue
Adult females mate only once in entire life
What is the site of infestation of cochliomyia hominivorax ?
Eggs laid on fresh, uninflected wounds
What is the pathogenesis of cochliomyia hominivorax?
Wound attract female flies
Blowfly strike
Foul smelling lesion
Death of host
Diagnosis of cochliomyia hominivorax ?
Maggots in lesion
Reportable
What is the treatment and prevention of cochliomyia hominivorax ?
Treat wounds
Release sterile males
What is the common name of scarophagidae?
Flesh flies
Host of sarcophagidae?
Any animal
Life cycle of sarcophagidae?
1st instar laid in sores/wounds/wool soiled with feces or urine
3rd instar and leave host to pupate
Pupae overwintering stage
Site of infestation of sarcophagidae?
Skin wool
Treatment and prevention
Prevent situations that attract flies
- sanitation
- improve husbandry
- tail docking
Treat wound immediately
