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RUSVM Parasitology > Nematode: Rhabditida, Enplida, Oxyurida, And Spirurida > Flashcards

Nematode: Rhabditida, Enplida, Oxyurida, And Spirurida Flashcards

1
Q

Strongyloides spp host?

A

Dog, cat, equine, ovine

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2
Q

What is the life cycle of Strongyloides spp?

A

Alternate homogonic and heterogonic phases

Heterogonic- in good environmental conditions the L1 to Adult (male and female)

Homogonic- L3 infect host in bad environmental conditions. Only develop into females. She don’t need no man in her life.

Migrate to lungs, coughed up, swallowed, adult females in small intestine

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3
Q

What are the modes of transduction of Strongyloides Spp?

A

Transmammary
Per Os
Percutaneous
Prenatal

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4
Q

What is the PPP of Strongyloides??

A

1-2wks

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5
Q

Site of infection of Strongyloides spp?

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of Strongyloides spp?

A

Inflammation of small intestine

Diarrhea, anorexia, and weight loss.

Skin penetration: erythematous reaction and urticaria

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7
Q

What is the treatment of Strongyloides spp?

A

Young animals
Anthelmitics
Dependent on host

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8
Q

T or F: Strongyloides have potential zoonosis

A

True

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9
Q

Strongyloides infects what hosts?

A

Dog and cat

Zoonotic

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10
Q

What is the diagnostic stage of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

L1 and eggs with L1 in feces

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11
Q

Strongyloides westeri infects what host?

A

Equine

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12
Q

Strongyloides papillosus infects what hosts?

A

Sheep, goat, cattle

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13
Q

Strongyloides ransomi infects what host?

A

Swine

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14
Q

identify

Adults- small intestine, slender white nematode less than 1cm
Esophagus 1/3 the length of the nematode

Egg- with L1 30x40um

A

Strongyloides spp

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15
Q

What are the two important superfamilies in the order Enoplida?

A

Trichinelloidea and Dioctophymatoidea

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16
Q

What is the common morphological feature of Trichinelloidea?

A

stichosome esophagus, single column of cells in a tube.

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17
Q

What is the common name of Trichuris spp?

A

Whipworm

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18
Q

What are the hosts of Trichuris spp?

A

Dog, cat, swine, cattle, ovine

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19
Q

What nematodes have a thick posterior end and a thin anterior end?

Eggs- polar plugs (lemon shaped)

A

Whipworm

Trichuris spp

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20
Q

What is the site of infection of Trichuris spp?

A

Cecum and or colon

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21
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Trichuris spp in heavy infection ?

A

Diphtheritic inflammation (leathery/bumpy) of cecal mucosa

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22
Q

What are the clinical signs of Trichuris spp??

A

Sporadic disease due to heavy infections most common in dog

Severe infection = diarrhea and weight loss

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23
Q

What are the hosts of Capillaria

A

Dog, cat, bird

Zoonotic

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24
Q

Capillaria obsignata infects what species?

A

Birds

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25
Q

Identification

Birds
Adult- thin hair-like (1-5cm)
Egg- polar plugs (barrel-shaped)

A

Capillaria spp

26
Q

Is the life cycle of Capillaria spp is direct or indirect?

A

Can be direct or indirect dependent on the species

27
Q

What are the sites of infection of Capillaria in dogs and cats?

A

Airways, intestinal tract, and bladder

28
Q

What is the site of infection of Capillaria in Birds?

A

Alimentary tract

29
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Capillaria in dogs and cats?

A

Non pathogenic, asymptomatic

Be aware of this and eggs, if found in feces -> not causing clinical signs

30
Q

What are the hosts of Trichinella spp?

A

Mammals, birds and reptiles

Zoonotic

31
Q

Identify

Coiled larvae in striated muscle

A

Trichinella

32
Q

How is Trichinella spp transmitted?

A

Ingesting raw or undercooked pork and game meats

33
Q

What is the site of infection of Trichinella spp?

A

Adult-small intestine

Larvae- muscles

34
Q

What is the pathogenesis and clinical signs of Trichinella spp?

A

Clinical signs do not occur in animals

Humans exhibit flu like symptoms

35
Q

What are the methods of diagnosis of Trichinella spp?

A

Pooled sample digestion
ELISA
Squash preparation

36
Q

What is the best method of prevention of Trichinella spp?

A

Do not allow pigs to eat uncooked meat, scraps or carcasses of animals/rats

37
Q

What is the common name of Dioctophyme renale?

A

Giant kindey worm

38
Q

What are the hosts of Diocophyme renale?

A

Dog, fox, mink

Zoonotic

IH: Earthworm
PH: frog or fish

39
Q

What is the common name of Oxyuris Equi?

A

Large pinworm

40
Q

What is the host of oxyuris equi?

41
Q

Identify
Equine
Adults: Long, white and pointed tail
Eggs: single operculum

A

Oxyuris equi

42
Q

What is the life cycle of Oxyuris equi?

A

Adults in dorsal colon.
Females migrate to anus and lay eggs around perinureum
Gelatinous substance
Larvae to L3 in egg-> ingested

43
Q

Horse with puritus, peri-anal irritation, and broken hair at the base of the tail most likely has what parasite?

A

Oxyuris equi

Pinworm

44
Q

The superfamily filariodiea has what common characterisitic?

A

Indirect life cycle
Females lay mff
Mff are consumed by IH which develop to L3 (infective stage)

45
Q

Dirofilaria immitus Hosts?

A

Dog, cat, mammals
Zoonotic

IH: Mosquito

46
Q

Identify
Dog
Adult- long slender 20-30cm in pulmonary artery
Mff

A

Dirofilaria immitis

47
Q

What is the life cycle of Dirofilaria ?

A 
Adult- pulmonary artery
Produce mff
Mosquito pick up mff
Develop to L3 in mosquito 
L3 in salivary gland of mosquito-> bite host 
L3 develops to L4 quickly 
L4 migrate in subcutaneous tissues for (2-3months) 
L5 into capillary to pulmonary artery 
Adult
48
Q

What is the site of infection of Dirofilaria ?

A

Adult- distal pulmonary artery, only in large infection back up to the heart
Larvae-Subcutanous tissue
Mff-blood

49
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Dirofilaria?

A 
Endothelium destroyed 
Fluid leakage/thrombus formation 
Tortuous arteries 
Increased resistance 
Post-caval syndrome
50
Q

What obligate intracellular bacteria does heartworm contain that is an important target during treatment?

A

Wolbacia spp.

Treat with doxycycline

51
Q

What are the clinical signs of heartworm?

A

Exercise intolerance

Asymptomatic cough

52
Q

What methods can be used to diagnose heartworm?

A 
Antigen test: sexually mature adult female 
Mff test- Ag testing 
Occult infections 
Radiology-pulmonary lesions
Echocardiography
53
Q

When should heartworm preventatives be started? What does the preventative target?

A

6-8wks of age
Test before beginning preventative

MCL-against L3 and early L4

54
Q

What are the general treatment protocols for heartworm?

A 
Address clinical condition 
Prophylaxis 
Doxycycline -Wolbacia 
Kill mff
Manage clinical signs 
Adulticide

Cage rest
Mosquito control

55
Q

What is the host of Acanthocheilonema reconditum?

56
Q

What is the importance of Acanthocheilonema reconditum?

A

Have mff- must distinguish from heartworm

57
Q

What is the site of infection of Acanthocheilonmea reconditum?

A

Adult-subcutis

Mff in blood

58
Q

What is the host on onchocerca cervicalis?

A

All equids

59
Q

What is the site of infection of Onchocerca cervicalis?

A

Adult-coiled in tissue nodules
Mff in tissue space of skin (often by nuchal ligament)
Itchy dermatitis

60
Q

What is the common name of Spirocerca lupi ?

A

Esophageal worm

61
Q

What are the hosts of spirocerca lupi?

A

Final host: dog, wolves, coyote, fox
IH: dung beetle
PH: Chicken, bird, lizard

62
Q

Identify
Adult:pink to red in colour and up to 8cm long
Egg: small elongated with L1, thick shelled (paper clip)

A

Spirocerca lupi

RUSVM Parasitology (12 decks)

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