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Protozoa Apicomplexa 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Commons name of disease caused by Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

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2
Q

DH to sarcocystis neurona

A

Opossum

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3
Q

Intermediate host to Sarcocystis neurona

A

Cat, skunk raccoon, fishers, armadillo

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4
Q

Aberrant host to Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Horse

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5
Q

What reproduction stages of sarcysitis neurona occurs in the final host vs the intermediate host?

A

Final host: gametogony

IH: schizogony -> bradyzoite in muscle tissue

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6
Q

Where is sarcocystis neurona found in the aberrant host?

A

Schizonts develop in horse neurons

in a section of nervous tissue you see rosette organism

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Sarcocystis in its final host, intermediate host, and accidental host?

A

FH: not pathogenic

IH: vascular endothelium affected by schizonts

Accidental: schizonts in nervous tissue

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8
Q

Clinical signs displayed in hoarse with sarcocystis neurona

A

CNS, brian, brainstem, spinal cord

Unusual or atypical lameness/ seizures
Difficulty with standing/walking/swallowing

Focal muscle atrophy

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9
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed infectious neurological disease of equine in America?

A

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

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10
Q

How can you diagnose EPM?

A

Antemortem

  • clinical signs
  • western blot
  • PCR of CSF

Postmortem
-histological section of CNS

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11
Q

What is the treatment and prevention methods for Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Opossum control - prevent opossum defecating where horses are fed

Antiprotozoals can rid horse of S. neuronal organisms but the CNS remains damaged

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12
Q

Host of neospora spp?

A

Dog, canid

IH: dog, cattle, sheep, goat, and horse

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13
Q

What is the lifecycle of neospora spp?

A

Oocyst is 12um and colourless

Gametogony in dog (FH)

Sporulated oocyst ingested by IH and encyst extraintestinally
Most cattle and dog infected transplacental (tachyzoite)
Bradyzoite in cysts (neural cells)- infective to FH

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14
Q

Site of infection of Neospora spp?

A

Final host: intestine

IH: many cells, predilection site CNS

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15
Q

Pathogenesis and lesions of Neospora?

A

Cells of CNS, liver, muscle and kidney
Tachyzoite cause cell death

Abortion in cattle at 3-9months
Fetus: Brian most consistently affected and encephalitis is the most common lesion

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16
Q

Diagnosis of neospora spp?

A

Serology on serum and CSF

Tissue sample at necropsy

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17
Q

Treatment and prevention of neospora?

A

No drug effective against cyst in cattle
Prevent contact with feces from infected dog
Good hygiene
Dispose of aborted fetuses
Vaccinate healthy cow in fist trimester to reduce abortion

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18
Q

Host of cryptosporidium spp>

A

Vertebrate

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19
Q

Cattle are infected by what species of crypto ? How does the age of the cattle differ?

A

C. Parvum - calves younger than 3 wks

C.andersoni - older calves, weaned, and adult cattle

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20
Q

What species of crypto can infect humans?

A

C. Parvum

C. Hominis

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21
Q

Oocyst 4-8um, transparent

Small and at microvillar surface of epithelial cells
Neonatal or young animals

A

Cryptosporidium

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22
Q

How can cryptosporidium be transmitted?

A

Direct
Autoinfection
Ingestion
Inhalation

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23
Q

Site of infection of cryptosporidium ?

A

Epithelium of digestive tract or respiratory tracts

24
Q

Clinical signs of Crypto ?

A

Diarrhea

Immunocompromised patients at high risk

25
Diagnosis of cryptosporidium ?
``` Oocyst in fecal slides -direct smear with stain Concentrated sugar float Acid fast stain => red ELISA IFA ```
26
What is the treatment for cryptosporidium ?
None Supportive therapy Filters Sanitation
27
Host of Hepatozoon spp?
Dog
28
ID: gamonts in blood cell of dog
Hepatozoon spp
29
What can transmit Hepatozoon spp?
Ambylomma tick
30
Site of infection of Hepatozoon?
Schizonts in tissues | Gamonts in WBC
31
Clinical signs of Hepatozoon
H canis- subclinical H americanum - severe disease, joint pain, myoitis
32
How can you diagnose Hepatozoon
Parasite in peripheral blood | Biopsy of muscle
33
What is the treatment and prevetion of Hepatozoon ?
No treatment Tick control**
34
What are the two species of Babesia infecting dogs and how can they be differentiated?
B. Canis trophozite or meterozoite (Piromplams) in RBC 4-5um B. Gibsoni - Piroplasms in RBC only 1-2um
35
Site of infection of Babesia canis?
Erythrocytes
36
ID Dog Depression Anorexia Anemia Spleomegaly Metrozotie in RBC
B. Canis or B. Gibsoni
37
Treatment and prevention of B. Canis?
Antiprotozoals Tick control -Rhipicephalus sanguineus
38
What transmits Babesia
Ripicephalus spp
39
What is the host of Babesia bigemina?
Cattle Rhipicephalus (boophilus) -cattle fever tick
40
What does Babesia bigemina cause? And who is suseptible ?
Texas cattle fever Older animals Chronic infection
41
Site of infection of Babesia bigemina ?
RBC
42
Diagnosis of Babesia bigemina?
Blood smear (trophozoite and merozoite ) Serology (chronic infection)
43
Treatment and prevention of babesia bigemina?
Antiprotozoals | Tick control
44
Host of cytauxzoon
Cat. Bobcat
45
ID Cat Merozite in RBC
Cytauxzoon Felis
46
What transmits Cytauxzoon
Ambylomma tick Cat ingest tick
47
Site of infection of Cytauxzoon felis?
macrophage and RBC
48
Pathogenesis of cytauxzoon?
Fever, anemia, icterus Developing schizonts cause enlargement of infected cells Occlusion of blood vessels- heart, liver, lung Rapid and fatal disease
49
How do you diagnose Cytauxzoon ?
Peripheral blood smear | Giesma or Wrights stain
50
Treatment and prevention of cytauxzoon
Tick control Atovaquane and azithromycin Supportive care
51
Host of luecocytozoon spp?
Domestic and wild fowl
52
Vector of leucocytozoon
Black flies and biting midges
53
ID Bird Organism in blood/tissue Spherical to oval to spindle shaped Masses of 1-4 elongate structures
Leucocytozoon
54
Site of infection of Leucocytozoon
Brain, heart, lung, kidney, gizzard, intestine, lymphoid, blood cells.. You sure make it around
55
Pathogenesis of Leucocytozoon
Listless, anemia, labored breathing, CNS symptoms, death Pathogenic in young!

RUSVM Parasitology (12 decks)

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