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RUSVM Parasitology > Protozoa Apicomplexa 2 > Flashcards

Protozoa Apicomplexa 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Commons name of disease caused by Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM)

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2
Q

DH to sarcocystis neurona

A

Opossum

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3
Q

Intermediate host to Sarcocystis neurona

A

Cat, skunk raccoon, fishers, armadillo

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4
Q

Aberrant host to Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Horse

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5
Q

What reproduction stages of sarcysitis neurona occurs in the final host vs the intermediate host?

A

Final host: gametogony

IH: schizogony -> bradyzoite in muscle tissue

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6
Q

Where is sarcocystis neurona found in the aberrant host?

A

Schizonts develop in horse neurons

in a section of nervous tissue you see rosette organism

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7
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Sarcocystis in its final host, intermediate host, and accidental host?

A

FH: not pathogenic

IH: vascular endothelium affected by schizonts

Accidental: schizonts in nervous tissue

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8
Q

Clinical signs displayed in hoarse with sarcocystis neurona

A

CNS, brian, brainstem, spinal cord

Unusual or atypical lameness/ seizures
Difficulty with standing/walking/swallowing

Focal muscle atrophy

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9
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed infectious neurological disease of equine in America?

A

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis

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10
Q

How can you diagnose EPM?

A

Antemortem

  • clinical signs
  • western blot
  • PCR of CSF

Postmortem
-histological section of CNS

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11
Q

What is the treatment and prevention methods for Sarcocystis neurona?

A

Opossum control - prevent opossum defecating where horses are fed

Antiprotozoals can rid horse of S. neuronal organisms but the CNS remains damaged

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12
Q

Host of neospora spp?

A

Dog, canid

IH: dog, cattle, sheep, goat, and horse

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13
Q

What is the lifecycle of neospora spp?

A

Oocyst is 12um and colourless

Gametogony in dog (FH)

Sporulated oocyst ingested by IH and encyst extraintestinally
Most cattle and dog infected transplacental (tachyzoite)
Bradyzoite in cysts (neural cells)- infective to FH

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14
Q

Site of infection of Neospora spp?

A

Final host: intestine

IH: many cells, predilection site CNS

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15
Q

Pathogenesis and lesions of Neospora?

A

Cells of CNS, liver, muscle and kidney
Tachyzoite cause cell death

Abortion in cattle at 3-9months
Fetus: Brian most consistently affected and encephalitis is the most common lesion

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16
Q

Diagnosis of neospora spp?

A

Serology on serum and CSF

Tissue sample at necropsy

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17
Q

Treatment and prevention of neospora?

A

No drug effective against cyst in cattle
Prevent contact with feces from infected dog
Good hygiene
Dispose of aborted fetuses
Vaccinate healthy cow in fist trimester to reduce abortion

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18
Q

Host of cryptosporidium spp>

A

Vertebrate

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19
Q

Cattle are infected by what species of crypto ? How does the age of the cattle differ?

A

C. Parvum - calves younger than 3 wks

C.andersoni - older calves, weaned, and adult cattle

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20
Q

What species of crypto can infect humans?

A

C. Parvum

C. Hominis

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21
Q

Oocyst 4-8um, transparent

Small and at microvillar surface of epithelial cells
Neonatal or young animals

A

Cryptosporidium

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22
Q

How can cryptosporidium be transmitted?

A

Direct
Autoinfection
Ingestion
Inhalation

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23
Q

Site of infection of cryptosporidium ?

A

Epithelium of digestive tract or respiratory tracts

24
Q

Clinical signs of Crypto ?

A

Diarrhea

Immunocompromised patients at high risk

25
Q

Diagnosis of cryptosporidium ?

A 
Oocyst in fecal slides -direct smear with stain 
Concentrated sugar float 
Acid fast stain => red
ELISA 
IFA
26
Q

What is the treatment for cryptosporidium ?

A

None
Supportive therapy
Filters
Sanitation

27
Q

Host of Hepatozoon spp?

A

Dog

28
Q

ID: gamonts in blood cell of dog

A

Hepatozoon spp

29
Q

What can transmit Hepatozoon spp?

A

Ambylomma tick

30
Q

Site of infection of Hepatozoon?

A

Schizonts in tissues

Gamonts in WBC

31
Q

Clinical signs of Hepatozoon

A

H canis- subclinical

H americanum - severe disease, joint pain, myoitis

32
Q

How can you diagnose Hepatozoon

A

Parasite in peripheral blood

Biopsy of muscle

33
Q

What is the treatment and prevetion of Hepatozoon ?

A

No treatment

Tick control**

34
Q

What are the two species of Babesia infecting dogs and how can they be differentiated?

A

B. Canis trophozite or meterozoite (Piromplams) in RBC 4-5um
B. Gibsoni - Piroplasms in RBC only 1-2um

35
Q

Site of infection of Babesia canis?

A

Erythrocytes

36
Q

ID

Dog

Depression
Anorexia
Anemia
Spleomegaly

Metrozotie in RBC

A

B. Canis or B. Gibsoni

37
Q

Treatment and prevention of B. Canis?

A

Antiprotozoals

Tick control -Rhipicephalus sanguineus

38
Q

What transmits Babesia

A

Ripicephalus spp

39
Q

What is the host of Babesia bigemina?

A

Cattle

Rhipicephalus (boophilus) -cattle fever tick

40
Q

What does Babesia bigemina cause? And who is suseptible ?

A

Texas cattle fever

Older animals
Chronic infection

41
Q

Site of infection of Babesia bigemina ?

A

RBC

42
Q

Diagnosis of Babesia bigemina?

A

Blood smear (trophozoite and merozoite )

Serology (chronic infection)

43
Q

Treatment and prevention of babesia bigemina?

A

Antiprotozoals

Tick control

44
Q

Host of cytauxzoon

A

Cat. Bobcat

45
Q

ID

Cat
Merozite in RBC

A

Cytauxzoon Felis

46
Q

What transmits Cytauxzoon

A

Ambylomma tick

Cat ingest tick

47
Q

Site of infection of Cytauxzoon felis?

A

macrophage and RBC

48
Q

Pathogenesis of cytauxzoon?

A

Fever, anemia, icterus
Developing schizonts cause enlargement of infected cells

Occlusion of blood vessels- heart, liver, lung

Rapid and fatal disease

49
Q

How do you diagnose Cytauxzoon ?

A

Peripheral blood smear

Giesma or Wrights stain

50
Q

Treatment and prevention of cytauxzoon

A

Tick control

Atovaquane and azithromycin

Supportive care

51
Q

Host of luecocytozoon spp?

A

Domestic and wild fowl

52
Q

Vector of leucocytozoon

A

Black flies and biting midges

53
Q

ID

Bird
Organism in blood/tissue
Spherical to oval to spindle shaped
Masses of 1-4 elongate structures

A

Leucocytozoon

54
Q

Site of infection of Leucocytozoon

A

Brain, heart, lung, kidney, gizzard, intestine, lymphoid, blood cells..

You sure make it around

55
Q

Pathogenesis of Leucocytozoon

A

Listless, anemia, labored breathing, CNS symptoms, death

Pathogenic in young!

RUSVM Parasitology (12 decks)

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