Treatment of Glaucoma

Question 1

enumerate types of Drugs used to lower IOP before surgeory in Closed Angle glaucoma

Answer 1

Osmotic agents:
* Mannitol
* Glycerine (orally)
* Mangensium sulphate (rectally)

Miotic eye drops (parasympathomimetics):
* Pilocarpine
* Physostigmine

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor:
* Acetazolamide

Question 2

Enumerate types of Drugs used in treatment of Open Angle glaucoma

Answer 2

• Beta blockers (Timolol, carteolol,levobunolol)
• Non selelctive Alpha agonists (Epinephrine, Dipivefrin)
• Selective Alpha 2 Agonists (Apraclonidine, Brimonidine)
• Prostaglandin Analogues (Latanoprost, bimatoprost)
• Miotics (pilocarpine, Physostigmine, Carbachol)
• oral Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)
• Tropic Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (Dorzolamide, Brinzolamide)

Question 3

Enumerate Beta blockers for treatment of Open Angle glaucoma & their mechanism

Answer 3

• Timolol
• Carteolol
• Levobunolol

Decrease Aqueous secretion

Question 4

Enumerate Non-selective Alpha agonists for treatment of Open Angle glaucoma & their mechanism

Answer 4

• Epinephrine
• Dipivefrin

Increase Outflow of aqueous humor

Question 5

enumerate selective Alpha 2 agonists for treatment of Open Angle glaucoma & their mechanism

Answer 5

• Apraclonidine
• Brimonidine

Decrease synthesis of Aqueous humour and Increase its outflow

Question 6

Enumerate Prostaglandin Analogues for treatment of Open Angle glaucoma & their mechanism

Answer 6

• Latanoprost
• Bimatoprost
• Travoprost

enhances outflow

-prost

Question 7

Enumerate Miotics used for treatment of Open Angle glaucoma & their mechanism

Answer 7

• Pilocarpine
• Carbachol
• Physostigmine

Increases outflow by widening Trabecular meshwork

Question 8

enumerate Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors used for treatment of Open Angle glaucoma & their mechanism

Answer 8

Oral:
* Acetazolamide
* Dichlorphenamide
* methazolamide

Topical:
* Dorzolamide
* Brinzolamide

Decreases (HCO3-) –> decreases secretion of aqueous humour

-amide