Treatment Modalities (studies)

Question 1

Beck et al, 1979

Answer 1

development of group in 1970s when WW2

Question 2

Free, 2007

Answer 2

staff shortages necessitated the development of groups

Question 3

Beck et al 1979

Answer 3

TR is important for effectiveness of therapy

Question 4

Bennett-Levy et al (2010a)

Answer 4

o Group decreases the contact time with therapist reduces chances for TR with practitioner

Question 5

Yalom (1995)

Answer 5

– nine other factors that influence change within group therapy 
o	Installation of hope
o	Universality
o	Imparting information
o	Altruism
o	Interpersonal learning
o	Development of socialising techniques
o	Imitative behaviour
o	Group cohesion
o	Catharsis

Question 6

Rachael et al (2010)

Answer 6

Universality is important – meeting with other people who are also attending the class due to their mental health has a powerful normalising effect, confronted with the fact that they are not unique problems but rather are commonplace.

Question 7

White (2010b)

Answer 7

groups of up to 160 ptps, necessitates greater distance between practitioner and client = lower TR. Dilutes knowledge of the client’s situation and progress.

Question 8

Richardson et al 2010

Answer 8

• increasing evidence for relational aspect within materials

Question 9

Gilbert and Leahy, 2007

Answer 9

Practitioner dance coach between materials and client

Question 10

Lovell (2010)

Answer 10

send info about practitioner

Question 11

Richards and Whyte (2011),

Answer 11

first appt face to face

Question 12

Lovell (2010)

Answer 12

long pauses explained

Question 13

Webb (2014)

Answer 13

different nature of alliance, distance alliance.

Question 14

Kitchiner et al, (2009)

Answer 14

only 12% of ptps attended all sessions.

Question 15

Macrodimitris et al (2011)

Answer 15

lower than usual dropout – inclusion of process where those who missed a session were contacted afterward. Groups run at various times to enable inclusiveness as possible e.g. evening to accommodate working people. End punctually as attendees may have arranged to be collected or have buses to catch.

Question 16

Hambridge et al (2009),

Answer 16

females drop out more, could be due to use of more male-orientated metaphors, should be balance between inclusivity and specificity.

Question 17

Papworth and Marrinan, 2018

Answer 17

Telephone working Less stigmatising

Question 18

Dalgard (2006)

Answer 18

depression 69%/56% recovery, scores remaining stable at follow up.

Question 19

Bains et al (2014)

Answer 19

GAD in older adults, 26% recovery rate.

Question 20

Kearns et al, 2010

Answer 20

Successful PEGs involve a relapse prevention focus.

o Reunion groups/follow up groups – less deterioration after treatment ended.

Question 21

Erickson et al, 2007

Answer 21

• Overloading participants with too much info = reduced benefit

Question 22

Papworth and Marrinan, 2018

Answer 22

o Clients are often given info with a strong evidence base behind them to increase engagement and motivation

Question 23

NICE, 2009

Answer 23

PEGS are not recommended in the NICE guidelines for treatment of depression

Question 24

NICE, 2011b (1)

Answer 24

or Panic disorder

Question 25

NICE, 2011b (2)

Answer 25

recommended as a step 2 treatment for GAD

Question 26

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, 2011

Answer 26

Recommendation for GAD was made with caution as only based on 2 studies, low-moderate quality

Question 27

Farrad and Woodford, 2013

Answer 27

more effective than face to face

Question 28

Lovell (2010)

Answer 28

code word, clock face