BA

Question 1

Introduction

Answer 1

• Depressive symptoms (no motivation, hopelessness, low mood, reduced motivation, withdrawal from social contact, avoidance of tasks)
• Williams, 2001
• Papworth and Marrinan (2018)

Question 2

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Answer 2

• Jacobson et al (2001)
• 4 stages of BA (Papworth and Marrinan et al 2018)
o Orientate the client to the treatment
 Clear rational (if not, think they are being told what to do – increases neg beliefs about failing)
 Normalise low energy in low mood, most effective change method is increasing activity not resting (encourages maintenance and NATs)
 (Williams, 2014)

Question 3

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Answer 3

o Identify different types of activity
 (Veale, 2008)
 3 targeted activities;
• Pleasurable ( Beck et al 1979)
• Routine (Jacobson et al, 2001),
• Necessary (decreases likelihood of problems building up)
 E- Richards (2010a)
• E- distinction is not crucial just need a balance
 E- can be difficult to identify pleasurable if low mood has been around for a long time, can make new ones.
 E- can be difficult if they can’t do some pleasurable activities if they have a new LTC, can make new ones or lifestyle adaptions.

Question 4

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Answer 4

o Devise a hierarchy
 Least to most difficult (graded to avoid overwhelming the client)
 May need to prioritise tasks that are immediate/outstanding.

Question 5

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Answer 5

o Plan some R, N, and P activities
 Use of an activity diary to plan,
 Use of a baseline to see current patterns and how this impacts mood
 Benefit from a range/ mixture of activities, important to balance them
 Make sure they are balanced/realistic
 (Veale, 2008)
 E- not always possible to achieve everything, need flexibility to prevent discouragement, weather, unexpected hinderances.
 A review of how the found the tasks, facilitates learning and allows progress check and problem solving of difficulties that may have arose.

Question 6

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Answer 6

•	Strong evidence base
o	Cuijpers et al (2007a) 
o	Ekers et al (2014) 
	E- Jacobson et al (1996) 
o	Longmore & Worrell (2007) 
o	E- Hopko et al (2003).
o	E- Richards et al (2016) 
	EE- Pentecost et al. (2015)

Question 7

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Answer 7

• Client waits to feel less tired before carrying out activities
o Jacobson et al (2001)
o Explore carefully and explain activity will increase energy (Michie et al (2011)
o E- Statt et al 2010.
o E- may need a more experimental approach e.g. measure energy before / after
• Goals are too ambitious
o Unrealistic/ too high standard/ setting ambitious goals = overwhelming – carry out no planned activity
o Vague goals, maybe specific/ manageable goals, break them down. -Key is to get started by encouraging gradual build-up with capability and clear goals = more chance of success = motivation and optimism.

Question 8

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Answer 8

• Lack of pleasure in previously enjoyed task
o May lead to questions about value of engaging in the task
o E- helpful to warn the client it sometimes takes a while to regain enjoyment, so persistence is key
o Important to make clear it is the client choosing activities that have provided pleasure in the past, not because they believe they should make them happy
• Setting activities dependent on external variables
o Friends may be unavailable/weather may be bad
o reduced motivation is a core symptom of low mood = easy to give up threshold
o e- (Kinsella and Garland, 2008)
• BA requires high collaboration between client and practitioner and a skillful approach. Low self-esteem is common
o(Veale 2008)

Question 9

Conclusion

Answer 9

• BA is effective at reducing low mood
• Some things that can hinder progress
• There are things that can be done to combat this.