Treatment for Psychological Disorders (Module 5 Ch 16) Flashcards
Memorize by Final exam 12/11
Dorothea Dix
An activist focused on the fair treatment of patients in hospitals
Went undercover in asylums in the 1850s = discovered the poor treatment of patients and wrote and expose on it
Was such a successful advocate that she got the pope to interfere on her behalf despite being protestant
Anna O
First person to undergo therapy
Originally presented with the inability to move the right side of her body; also had trouble with hearing and speech
Probably had meningitis, but was diagnosed with hysteria (“wandering uterus”)
Josef Breuer
First person to conduct therapy (“treated” Anna O)
Originally used talk therapy, which was later popularized by Freud
His methods didn’t work (cause her uterus obviously wasn’t the problem)
Psychoanalytic Therapy vs Psychodynamic Therapy
The original “talk therapy” popularized by Freud (but originally used by Josef Breuer)
Focuses on uncovering unconscious motives through talking and dream interpretation
VS
The modern offshoot of Freud’s ideas, in which talk therapy is used to confront unconscious impulses and ideas
Brodmann’s Area 25
Area in the prefrontal cortex that is overactive in depressed patients
Can be reset via overstimulation, which tends to leads to improvements in depression
PsyD
Doctorate of Psychology that focuses on counseling training without the research components required for a PhD
Incongruence
The difference between your self-concept and your reality
Greater difference = greater personal distress
Ecological Momentary Assessments
Using someone’s cell phone or smartwatch to monitor their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in real-time (helps make therapy more effective)
Insight Therapies
The idea that you can improve someone’s psychological wellbeing if you give insight into their underlying motives or help them understand why it’s occurring
Active Listening
The therapist echoes, restates, or seeks clarification on what the patient is telling them
Patient knows that therapist is actually listening
Therapist understands what the patient is trying to communicate
Cognitive Therapy
Any type of psychotherapy that works to identify and restructure irrational thought patterns
Socratic Method
The therapists poses questions to the patient that are meant to highlight the lack of logic on their thought patterns
Helps with depressogenic thinking
Depressogenic Thinking
Thought patterns that keep people trapped in their depression
Helplessness Theory
Cognitive Restructuring
The patient is going through the process of taking irrational beliefs and replacing them with rational ones
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Says that a person’s cognitions (thoughts), behaviors, and emotions are all interconnected, so making positive changes in one will positively affect the others
Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Combative type of therapy in which the therapist is really explicit in their disagreement with the patient’s thought process
Helpful for some people and not others
Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)
Combines CBT with mindfulness techniques so that cognitive restructuring and positive change can occur in a non-judgmental place
DBT specifically tries to cultivate mindfulness without meditation and is used to treat borderline personality disorder
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
Similar to CBT, but it focuses specifically on changing behaviors in order to change cognitions
Makes a list of negative behaviors the patient does; therapist helps them create a plan to change each of those behaviors
Behavior Therapies
Applies the principles of classical and operant conditioning, such as token economies, as a way of changing behaviors
Flooding
Way of addressing phobias that involves putting someone in a space with their phobic trigger and not letting them leave until they stop having a phobic reaction
Systematic Desensitization
Building up to an interaction with the phobic trigger by addressing the reasons they’re afraid of it
Pairs relaxation with gradual exposure to a phobic trigger
Occurs in 3 levels: imagined contact, virtual contact, and real contact
More effective than flooding
Social Skills Training
Commonly used to address autism or severe social anxiety
Includes 4 stages: modeling, behavioral rehearsal, shaping, and disengagement
Modeling (in Social Skills Training)
Having the individual watch somebody with good social skills interact with others so they can learn by watching them
Behavioral Rehearsal (in Social Skills Training)
Practicing the skills learned via modeling in a safe environment (usually a therapist office)
Shaping (in Social Skills Training)
Practicing the techniques learned from modeling in the real world
Starting with small techniques and social situations before working up to bigger ones
Disengagement (in Social Skills Training)
When the individual now feels comfortable with social interactions
