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General Psychology > Intelligence & Problem Solving (Module 3 Ch 10) > Flashcards

Intelligence & Problem Solving (Module 3 Ch 10) Flashcards

Memorize by 10/29

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1
Q

Intelligence

A

Cognitive skills that include abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and knowledge

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2
Q

Alfred Binet

A

Created the first intelligence test (specifically for French children)

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3
Q

Mental age

A

A child’s age based off their performance on an IQ test (regardless of actual age)

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4
Q

Lewis Terman

A

Created the Stanford-Binet Test, the first intelligence test for English speaking children
Created the idea of IQ (which is mental age divided by actual age times 100)

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5
Q

David Wechsler

A

Created the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test (WAIS), the first intelligence test for English speaking adults

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6
Q

Intelligence Test

A

Tests the amount of general information that an individual has

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7
Q

Aptitude Test

A

Tests your ability to use information

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8
Q

Achievement Test

A

Testing the mastery of a specific subject

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9
Q

Testing Perspective VS Cognitive Perspective

A

Focuses on the amount of information VS focuses on the use of information

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10
Q

Cultural Bias

A

The culture of the test writer influences the questions and thus how well different people do on it

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11
Q

Test Fairness

A

When problems arise with how IQ test results are applied to the real world
Ex: denying certain groups access to jobs based of their score

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12
Q

G-Factor

A

Theory of intelligence (founded by Charles Spearman) divided into 3 dimensions: verbal (language), spatial (understand+manipulate space), and quantitative (ability to do different kinds of math)

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13
Q

Multiple Factor Theory of Intelligence

A

Intelligence consists of various distinct dimensions and is not just one thing (g-factor)

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14
Q

Fluid vs Crystallized Intelligence

A

Raw mental ability (problem solving, abstract thinking, pattern recognition)
VS
Knowledge or skill acquired through experience/education
(Cattell-Horn Model)

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15
Q

Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Model

A

Divides intelligence into 3 categories:
General- essentially the g-factor
Broad- cognitive abilities (memory, decision making, fluid+crystallized)
Narrow- distinct abilities that may or may not be associated with cognition

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16
Q

Successful Intelligence

A

Defined by Sternberg
An set cognitive abilities needed for success in life

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17
Q

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory

A

Breaks intelligence into 3 types:
Analytical- evaluate, compare, contrast info + come to an accepted decision
Creative- ability to think outside the box (new ideas)
Practical- solving problems that you face on a daily basis

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18
Q

Gardner’s 8 Intelligences

A

Includes things like math, verbal, naturalism, physical, musical, interpersonal, etc.

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19
Q

Cumulative Deprivation Hypothesis

A

Those that come from an enriched environment do better on intelligence tests than those that come from a deprived environment

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20
Q

Reaction Range

A

Genes determine your range of intelligence
Environment determines where you fall in the range

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21
Q

Flynn Effect

A

Intelligence tends to increase across generations

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22
Q

Criteria for an intellectual disability

A

Present prior to adulthood
IQ Score below 70
Interferes with your ability to lead an adaptive life

23
Q

Adaptive Behavior

A

How well a person copes with the demands of everyday life

24
Q

What percentage of the American population have an intellectual disability?

A

1% (mostly male)

25
Q

What are the 4 categories of intellectual disabilities

A

Mild, moderate, severe, and profound
Based off of how much help they need in their daily lives
85% fall in the mild category

26
Q

What are the different origins for intellectual disabilities?

A

Chromosomal- genetic problem (ex: down syndrome)
Metabolic- development in womb due to exposure to teratogen (ex: fetal alcohol syndrome)
Biologic- any other medical disorder
Unknown- 75% of cases (usually mild)

27
Q

Prodigy

A

A young person that is extremely gifted in one area

28
Q

Savant Syndrome

A

Person with a serious mental handicap that has an isolated area of extreme ability or giftedness

29
Q

Connectome

A

The map of all neural connections in the brain

30
Q

Convergent Problems vs Divergent Problems

A

There is a known solution to the problem vs there is no known solution to the problem (requires novel strategies)

31
Q

Inducing Structure

A

Taking the structure of a problem and using it to reach a solution (ex: analogies and pattern matrix)

32
Q

Arrangement

A

Taking the components of a problem and rearranging them to reach a solution (ex: anagrams and tengrams)

33
Q

Transformation

A

Transforming the aspects of the problem to reach a solution (ex: video games require transforming or manipulating the environment)

34
Q

Trial and Error

A

Randomly trying whatever solution comes to mind
Light in cognitive resources, takes a long time, isn’t very accurate

35
Q

Algorithm

A

Coming up with a strategy to test all possible solutions until you reach the correct conclusion
Lots of cognitive resources, takes a long time, guarantee that you reach the right conclusion

36
Q

Heuristic

A

Using a short-cut to eliminate some potential solutions
Light in cognitive resources, saves time, might eliminate the correct solution

37
Q

Subgoals

A

Take the big problem and breaking into down into smaller problems that are easier to solve (ex: packing)

38
Q

Changing the Representation

A

Changing the way you’re thinking about the problem

39
Q

Incubation

A

Stepping away from the problem and doing other things
Restarts your brain

40
Q

What is creativity?

A

A thought or behavior that is both original and useful/meaningful

41
Q

What are the 4 stages of creativity?

A

Preparation- discover and define problem
Incubation- step away from problem
Insight- answer comes to mind
Elaboration-Verification: test the solution for accuracy

42
Q

Divergent Thinking vs Convergent Thinking

A

The capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem
VS
Identifying the best solution to a problem

43
Q

What are the 5 correlates of creativity?

A

Expertise, venturesome personality, imaginative thinking, creative environment, and intrinsic motivation

44
Q

Expertise

A

You need to have a well-developed knowledge base in order to explore various viewpoints

45
Q

Imaginative Thinking

A

The ability to see things in new and unusual ways

46
Q

Venturesome Personality

A

Someone who seeks out new experiences, deals well with ambiguity and risk, and is more likely to persevere in the face of challenges

47
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Doings things because you want to do them, not because other people are telling you to

48
Q

Creative Environment

A

A place that supports individual exploration and interactions with others
Fewer rules and less structure

49
Q

Cognitive Fixation

A

The inability to break out of a mindset in order to think about a problem from a new perspective

50
Q

Mental Set

A

The tendency to continue using the same problem-solving strategies even if better ones might be available

51
Q

Functional Fixedness

A

A mindset in which you are unable to think of new or unusual ways to use common, everyday objects when problem solving

52
Q

Ideational Fluency vs Flexibility of Thought vs Originality

A

The ability to produce many ideas
VS
The ability to produce many categories of ideas
VS
The ability to produce unusual and novel ideas

53
Q

Default Mode Network

A

Portion of the frontal and parietal lobes that is still active even when the person isn’t focused on or engaging in anything
Responsible for daydreaming and mind wandering

General Psychology (11 decks)

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