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Psych 101 > Treatment (11.17 Lecture) > Flashcards

Treatment (11.17 Lecture) Flashcards

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1
Q

view of mental illness treatment: prehistoric times-middle ages

A

mental illness occurred in people who were possessed by demons. Treatment: prayer, flogging, drilling holes in the skull to “release” evil demons.

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2
Q

view of mental illness treatment: renaissance (middle ages-industrial revolution)

A

mental illness was the loss of capability to reason (people will illnesses would be sent to Saint Mary’s of Bethlehem and worsen their condition)

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3
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

thought mental illness was not evil (1800s, industrial revolution)
- was put in charge of Parisian hospital system
- wanted to remove the patients’ shackles and chains and give them a chance to exercise and get fresh air (French government grudgingly made changes and US followed)

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4
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

lobbied for better treatment of people with mental illness (1800s, industrial revolution)
- a retired school teacher, became a big advocate
- led to dramatic growth of state-supported institutions for psychological care

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5
Q

view of mental illness treatment: industrial revolution - early/ mid 20th century

A

mental illness is unconscious conflict between self (Freud) breakdown in brain

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6
Q

view of mental illness treatment: early/ mid 20th century - modern times

A

drug therapy (advertized to women for “housewives,” to feel less anxious

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7
Q

Egas Moniz

A

(early/ mid 20th century)
believed schizophrenia was an agitative loop in the brain (study that damaging PFC of moneys led to less symptoms) so he damaged the PFC of patients with schizophrenia. patients were calmer but no executive functions
- procedure took off, (freeman and Watts) “frontal lobotomy,” went through eye to improve the procedure (wasn’t open skull, “ice pick” lobotomy)
- spread worldwide, 1949 Moniz won nobel prize
- procedure was usually don’t without consent (inmates, etc.)

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8
Q

insight-oriented treatment

A

humans can heal with more self-awareness

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9
Q

psychodynamic approach

A

(insight-oriented treatment)
long-buried unconscious conflicts are uncovered and resolved
- originated from Freud , psychoanalytic approach (talking cure) –> psychodynamic

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10
Q

what does a healthy mind look like under a psychodynamic approach?

A

A trio of musicians playing in harmony together

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11
Q

what does an unhealthy mind look like under a psychodynamic approach?

A

discordant parts (id, ego, superego)

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12
Q

what are some psychodynamic techniques

A
  • free-association: allow patient to relax and freely say what comes to mind (revealing)
  • dream analysis: deep unconscious aspects of self
  • resistance: ways patient is actively resisting therapy
  • transference: whatever issues having in life, will bring into therapy and transfer onto the therapist
  • interpretation: pull together clues
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13
Q

humanist approach

A

(insight-oriented treatment)
goal: what needs are not being met and how do we get rid of obstacles – Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

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14
Q

what does a healthy mind look like in a humanist approach?

A

plant wants to grow as long as their basic needs are met

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15
Q

what does an unhealthy mind look like in a humanist approach?

A

plant isn’t given what it needs to grow

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16
Q

Carl Rodgers and the humanist approach

A

client-centered therapy
*remember video with women in therapy
- the client isn’t considered a patient
- client needs to heal themselves
videoed all his sessions and did research
1. genuineness (needs to be authentic)
2. unconditional positive regard (like the client no matter what)
3. accurate empathic understanding (listening and understanding) … she said smth he said it back to her

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17
Q

action-oriented treatments

A

people can’t always solve their own psychological problems

18
Q

healthy mind with action-oriented treatment

A

software that works

19
Q

unhealthy mind with action-oriented treatment

A

“buggy code” software glitches or sometimes its the wrong software for the situation

20
Q

what is the role of a therapist in action-oriented treatment?

A

a therapist fixes errors in the code and understands why there are errors

21
Q

cognitive approach

A

(action-oriented treatment)
thinking processes
Aaron beck(depression) and Albert Ellis(errors in thinking)
originally: activating event –> consequence
*but assumes everyone acts in the same way to the same experience
CA: activating event –> belief –> consequence

22
Q

techniques used in cognitive approach

A
  • identifying dysfunctional beliefs and logical errors in thinking
  • challenging these beliefs and errors
23
Q

how to remember cognitive approach?

A

A, B, C “a”ctivating event, “b”elief, “c”onsequence

24
Q

Gloria example with Ellis

A

he targeted her belief of confronting someone rejecting her

25
Q

behavioral approach

A

(action-oriented treatment)
faulty learning, reinforced or not punished for unhealthy behaviors

26
Q

exposure therapy

A

(behavioral approach)
classical conditioning
- gradually exposing someone to what they fear to learn the fearful thing won’t lead to a negative outcome

27
Q

exposure therapy ex. (OCD harm compulsions)

A

(ex. “S” had OCD harm compulsions where he would randomly want to kill his wife. He quit his job and couldn’t suppress thoughts. Used exposure therapy, focused on violent thought, breath deeply –> recondition a relaxation response. Therapist had him directly confront fear and hold a knife to his neck to show him they’re just thoughts)

28
Q

token economy

A

(behavioral approach)
operant conditioning
- reinforcement and punishment (learn rewards for using new, good behavior) used a lot in autistic children
- contingency management – individuals learn certain behaviors will be followed by strict consequences

29
Q

modeling

A

(behavioral approach)
observational learning
- see someone else do something you’re afraid of doing (ex. afraid of snakes but see someone handling snakes without danger)
- vicarious reinforcement – client watches as model experiences some good outcome after exhibiting desired behavior or emotional reaction

30
Q

how can action-oriented therapy be used together?

A

Cognitive/ Behavioral Therapy (CBT), most therapists combine cognitive and behavioral approach

31
Q

biological treatments

A

focus on the hardware and how to intervene directly to fix it

32
Q

pharmacotherapy (drug therapy)

A

intervene and the level of synapse and the impact of neurotransmitters

33
Q

benefits of pharmacotherapy over psychotherapy?

A
  • more affordable because easier to get insurance to cover it
  • easier to access and privacy (don’t have to leave to go to therapy frequently)
34
Q

benefits of psychotherapy over pharmacotherapy?

A
  • less short-term, changes in mindset can be more permanent
  • fewer negative side effects

sometimes synergistic effect if put together

35
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

(biological treatment)
- Ladislas Meduna – didn’t have schizophrenia with epilepsy
- didn’t work with schizophrenia but works with depression
- perceived scary bc convulsions (stimulates both sides of brain) but life-saving for extreme depression

36
Q

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

A

(biological treatment)
- can be used with depression to stimulate parts of the frontal lobe to rewire parts of the brain
- effective for autism

37
Q

deep brain stimulation

A

(biological treatment)
- implanting electrodes deep in the brain (last resort) for severe depression
- Helen Mayberg
- doesn’t work for everyone

38
Q

how to evaluate treatment

A

needs to be evidence-based, diverse setting, represent diverse participants, rigorous method, reviewed by experts

39
Q

the dodo bird verdict

A

(in Alice in Wonderland had a race but didn’t remember number of laps/ starting point so said they all won)

different psychotherapies produce equivalent outcomes

40
Q

common mechanisms across therapies

A
  • placebo effect
  • therapeutic alliance
  • providing hope and reassurance
  • fostering new ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
41
Q

different mechanisms lead to the same outcomes

A

depression is an imbalance between amygdala and PFC. Can quiet amygdala or amplify PFC to produce the same outcome
*but not always true, effectiveness can depend on disorder

Psych 101 (27 decks)

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