Emotion (10.13 Lecture)

Question 1

what is emotion

Answer 1

biologically-baed response to situations seen as personal relevant, shaped by learning and usually involves a change in subjective experience, expressive behavior, or peripheral psychology (sweat, HR, etc.)

Question 2

how is emotion shaped by learning?

Answer 2

classical conditioning (ex. fear in a response to smth)

Question 3

why do people have different responses to the same thing?

Answer 3

bc emotion is a subjective experience

Question 4

what is the cognitive function of emotion?

Answer 4

shapes what we take in through our senses (ex. scrunching our nose in bad smell, maybe toxins in the air), prioritize what we remember, help us learn and make decisions

Question 5

how does emotion shape what we take in through our senses?

Answer 5

ex. when scared, eyes wide, inhale deep breath, preparing to evaluate threat and get the most info

Question 6

how does emotion help us prioritize what we remember?

Answer 6

we remember events that illicit emotion (amygdala next to the hippocampus and interact with each other)

Question 7

PTSD study for emotion and memory

Answer 7

PTSD is an unhelpful extreme of emotional memory from trauma, scarring. Study tested propranolol, a new treatment for PTSD to break the cycle, in double-blind placebo control study, both groups underwent brief traumatic memory reactivation (in a controlled environment). People who took propranolol brought back memory without emotion and weakened the emotion & PTSD symptoms over time

Question 8

Cahill emotion study

Answer 8

2 groups, one reads a neutral story, one reads some story with an emotional middle. Within emotional study, the middle was remembered more. (continuation), took propanal and no more memorable middle than neutral

Question 9

what is propranolol

Answer 9

beta blocker, stops physiological changes from emotion

Question 10

how do we signal to others who we will behave?

Answer 10

Papua New Guinea study (able to recognize W emotions even though never exposed to them) even if reverse of this, still true
supports Darwin’s universality hypothesis (emotions are universal) bc basic emotions are universally recognized

Question 11

social referencing

Answer 11

using emotional signals to figure out how we should behave

Question 12

visual cliff study

Answer 12

baby on glass floor and wanted it to cross. when mom on the other side had a happy expression, baby crossed, when mom had a fearful expression, baby didn’t cross (child looks to adult to see how they react)

Question 13

inherently interpersonal emotions

Answer 13

inherently about social relationships

Question 14

is jealously always a bad emotion?

Answer 14

has negatives – threat to valued relationship
and positives – motivator, shows that you care

Question 15

common-sense view

Answer 15

stimulus –> subjective emotional expression –> bodily/ physiological response –> report
ex. clown –> fear –> greater HR
HR is pounding bc afraid

Question 16

James-Lange theory

Answer 16

stimulus –> subjective emotional expression –> report –> bodily/physiological response
afraid bc heart pounding
(argued don’t feel emotion without bodily response)
study about smile, people put pencil in their mouths to smile and found cartoons funnier

Question 17

why is JL theory wrong?

Answer 17

assumes a different bodily response for every emotion but sometimes responses are slow/ fast (blush long after feeling embarrassed)

Question 18

cannon-bard theory

Answer 18

stimulus –> subjective emotional expression –> report & bodily/physiological response
clown makes me feel afraid and my heart points

Question 19

why was the cannon-bard theory wrong

Answer 19

not completely representative of humans because there’s some causal relationship

Question 20

two factor (schacter-singer) theory of emotion

Answer 20

stimulus –> bodily/physiological responses –> cognitive interpretation –> subjective emotional experience –> report
my pounding heart means I’m afraid because I see a clown

Question 21

how to remember 2-factory theory?

Answer 21

factor rhymes with shacter

Question 22

bridge study

Answer 22

males on a scary bridge were approached by a male and female researchers and gave them their phone number to see if they’d call back.
results: more likely to call female back
explanation: equate bodily response of adrenaline and fear with attraction

Question 23

what is a draw back of the bridge study?

Answer 23

pool not super balanced, could just be risk-taking men so more likely to call
so compared to asking people in parking lot vs. on bridge and found same results

Question 24

emotion regulation

Answer 24

trying to modify some aspects of our emotional response (experience, expression, or physiology)

Question 25

process model of emotional regulation

Answer 25

situation –> attention –> appraisal –> response
ex. ex and new boo at a party

Question 26

situation emotional regulation

Answer 26

(control emotions before they happen)
1. situation selection - choose situation based on whether they generate desirable/ undesirable change (ex. change route to avoid them)
2. situation modification - once in a situation, modify it in a way to change its emotional impact (ex. if at party, hang out with best friend)

Question 27

attention emotional regulation

Answer 27

attentional deployment - can’t change situation, but can change the attentional focus to change the emotional impact (ex. focus on bad music not the ex)

Question 28

appraisal emotional regulation

Answer 28

cognitive change - already attending emotion-causing situation but can change how you think about the situation (ex. they’re talking to you, you think “he doesn’t look that good today”)

Question 29

response emotional regulation

Answer 29

(dealing with emotions in the moment)
response modulation - directly impact behavior and bodily response (ex. smile through it)

Question 30

cognitive reappraisal

Answer 30

form of cognitive change that involves changing the meaning of a situation (changing the view of a stimulus can change the physiological response)
(Glee karaoke study) said “I’m anxious,” performed worse than saying “I’m excited”