Intelligence (10.4 Lecture) Flashcards
intelligence
almost universally human capability, the ability to think complexly/ abstractly, varies in strength & quality across individuals
how is intelligence valued?
both as a personal resource and as a democratic resource (educated people make decisions)
birth of IQ (study)
in paris, made school mandatory, philosopher binet tasked with helping poor kids who were behind. considered question, how does child perform compared to other children?
mental age
ex. does student perform close to average 8 year old or average 10 year old
chronological age
actual age
ratio IQ
mental age/ chronological age x 100
deviation IQ
your test score/ average test score x 100
psych terms becoming derogatory
IQ range classified with different language (imbecile, idiot, etc.) but psych words have had to change bc people use as derogatory terms
how was IQ tests used to inflict harm?
Terman introduced IQ tests in the US, viewed intelligence as innate and IQ to track the smartest people. advocate of eugenics, IQ test used to justify forced sterilization
what is the impact of opportunities for enrichment on increasing intelligence
ex. kids adopted in more money have a greater increase in IQ that kids that were adopted into poorer families
how enriching environments impact brain
greater brain weight & size, greater synapses per neuron, more neurons in hippocampus, greater availability of NT
Rosenthal & Fode study of rats
breeded rats to be bright/ dull, brighter rats, overtime, performed better in maze. But once put in non-enriching environment, both performed poorly, and in an enriching environment both excelled, dull rats even doing better
Harvard rat study
Half of students were given rats labeled “dull,” the other half were given rats labeled “bright.” Both rats were given equal time to practice going through the maze, but the “bright” rats (arbitrarily labeled) were more successful
what does Harvard rat study say about belief
the belief in someone is somewhat of a self-fulfilling prophecy. study showed that when the students believed their rats were “bright” they liked their rats more and were more gentle and caring.
how has someone’s belief in me impacted my success?
Mr. Mills’ belief in me and my capabilities has made me feel more capable because someone i know and trust feels that I have the capacity to succeed. It also helps me approach my setbacks with the view of it being an opportunity to try something new.
“academic bloomers” study **
children took IQ test and teachers told that random 20% were bloomers. Led to a significant IQ boost the next year for those students. especially in 1st grade. SOMEONE BELIEVINGING IN YOU
self fulfilling prophecy
pygmalian effect” something that starts off as a lie will gradually become true over time
how does pygmalion effect work
our actions towards others –> other’s belief about us –> other’s actions –> our beliefs about ourselves –>
how a mindset for growth impacts brain
mindsets impacts goals, perceptions and actions
what are people’s perspectives on a growth mindset?
They want to learn, see effort as crucial, embrace challenges, and respond with perseverance to setbacks
what are people’s perspectives on a fixed mindset?
want to “look” smart, see effort as evidence of lower ability, avoid challenges, and they respond to setbacks with helplessness
how have I had a fixed mindset unknowingly?
on the class survey asking about intelligence, I said I am intelligent, but have to work hard to get something, which feeds into a fixed mindset that working hard to understand something means I have a lower ability
Carol Dweck
established growht theory, hold implicity theory or “mindset” about intelligence (growth vs. fixed)
two intelligences
Crystallied intelligence (Gc): knowledge a person has already acquired and the ability to access that knowledge. Fluid intelligence (Gf): ability to see complex relationships and solve new problems.
fluid intelligence & working memory
thinking “workbench,” capacity varies and correlates with fluid intelligence (r ~ 0.7)
dual n-back task study
square and sounds and different points, have different number of trials back to remember, with time, able to do well. Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven’s APM).
matrices task impact on fluid intelligence
matrices tasks increase fluid intelligence
stereotype threat
psychological burden that actions confirm something about a group (whether something is salient - active in mind, or relevant - to task in mind)
ID’ing race study
different participants filled out race either before or after taking GRE. Greater difference in gender when asked to fill out identifiers before.
relevance salience
doesn’t require people to believe something themselves, just that other people believe it. Actions different not bc lack in effort, but worry that fulfilling something causes you to fulfill that thing
how to combat stereotype threat
explicit and implicit cues (inclusive spaces, people like you as leadership role models, critical mass)
