Travel Infections

Question 1

What are the most important factors opto consider in travel infections?

Answer 1

Relative time and recent place

Question 2

Why is the travel history important?

Answer 2

Recongising the importance diseases that are unknown in the UK, different strains of the pathogen, and any infection prevention

Question 3

What are some of the key parts of the travel history?

Answer 3

Previous travel vaccinations and preventive measures, recreatinoal activities, healthcare exposure due to the risk of multiple durg expsoure, and ant unwell travle companions

Question 4

What are the different vectors of malaria?

Answer 4

Falciparum, vivaax, ovale, malariae

Question 5

What is the vector of malaria?

Answer 5

Vector the female anoplahales mosquito,

Question 6

What are the majority of cases of malaria seen iln the uk?

Answer 6

75% of falciparum- is also the most severe form

Question 7

What are some of the features of a malaria history?

Answer 7

There is a minimum 6 days incubation period, but P vivax and ovale are up to 1 year, they will be experiecing fever and chills on a 3 or 4 day cycle p, on examination there will be few specific signs

Question 8

What are some of the signs of severe falciparum malaria?

Answer 8

Caridovascular such as tachycardia, hypotension and arrythmias, ARDS, derranged Lft, jaundice, acute kidney fialire, confusion and fits, thromobosis, metabolic acidosis p and hypoglycemia

Question 9

What are the investigations you should perform in a paitent who is suspected to have malaria?

Answer 9

Blood smear X 3, FBC U and Es LFT glucose and cogualtion tedts, Head CT and CXR

Question 10

How would you treat a malaria caused by p falciparum?

Answer 10

Artesinate, quine and doxycycline

Question 11

How would you treat a malaria caused by p. Vivax, ovale and malariae?

Answer 11

Chloroquinine + primaquine, hyponzites,

Question 12

What is the organisms that cause typhoid and paraenteric fever?

Answer 12

Salmonella enterica sevee typhi, and paratyphoc a b and c, therese and eneterobacteria and aerobic gram negative rods

Question 13

Why are the typhoid causing organisms so virulent?

Answer 13

Gram negative endotoxin, VI antigen,p invasin allows intrabacterial growth, and fimbrae that adhere to the epitheal surface of the lymphoid tissue in the peyers patches

Question 14

What are the signs and symptoms of typhoid fever?

Answer 14

Fever, headache, abdominal discomfort and dry cough, relative bradycardia, and there is possibility of intestinal heamorrage

Question 15

What are the investigations that you would perform in typhoid?

Answer 15

Orgianlly cholorphemical, and then ampillicillin,p and trimasozole, theree is resistance led to the use of ciprofloxin, but resistance to this is now common, so is usually treated with cefrtriaxone or azithomyicn for 7-14 days

Question 16

What are some of the features fo dnegue fever?

Answer 16

Ranges for asymptomatic to severe febirle illness, lasts 1-5 days and improves 3-4 days after rash, and there is use of supportive treatment only, reinfection may occur with a different serotyoe, and si antibiotic dependant, there is dengue hameorgic fever and also dengue shock syndrome

Question 17

What are some of the features of ebola?

Answer 17

Is a flu like illness, with vomiting dirrohea, headaches confusion and rash, internal and external bleeding at 5-7 days, spread with direct contact to the body fluids,m

Question 18

What are some fo the features of zika virsus?

Answer 18

Arbovrpirsus, 20% get mild symptoms, can can cause congential mircolephakt and fetal loss