Infections On Surfaces

Question 1

What is our relationship with the mircorganisms on our skin?

Answer 1

We have a mutalistic relationship with the mircorgansims on our skin, particularly in the moist areas, and fibronectin covers the epithelial surfaces and is a strong protectant against gram positive organisms

Question 2

What are some of the virsuses that are commonly found on your skin?

Answer 2

Herpes simplex, involved in the development of things suhc as cold sores and papilloma, which is involved in the development of warts and verucas

Question 3

What are some of the gram postive bacteria that are commonly found on your skin?

Answer 3

Staph aureus( has cogaulase activity, resulting in localised clotting and stoping the entry of neutrophils), cogulase negative staphylococci ( asssoicated with infections of devices) and cornyebacteium

Question 4

What are the gram negative organisms that are commonly found on your skin?

Answer 4

Enterobacteria, such as ecoli and salmonella

Question 5

What are some of the fungi that are commonly found on skin?

Answer 5

Yeasts such as candida, and dermatophytes which can cause itching and scaling skin infections

Question 6

What are some of the external natural surface infections?

Answer 6

Gastroenteritis, conjuctivitis, celullitis, paharngaitis, and UTI and pnuemonia

Question 7

What are some of the examples of internal natural surface infections?

Answer 7

Ostomyletits, epmoea endocarditis, vaculitie, septic arthitis

Question 8

What are some fo the examples of prostheic surface infections?

Answer 8

Prostehthic joints, peritoneal dialysis cathethers, intravascular lines, cardiac valves, pacing wires, and endovascular grafts, and ventricular peritoneal shunts.

Question 9

What are some of the organisms that can cause negative valve endocarditis greater than 1 year post op?

Answer 9

Virdans streptococcus, enterococcus feacilis, staph aureus, HACEk group and candida

Question 10

What are some of the organisms that can cause prosthetic valve endocarditis less than 1 year post op?

Answer 10

Cogualse negative staphlyococci

Question 11

What are some of the organisms that cause cause prostheic valve infections?

Answer 11

Usually cogualase negative staphyloccis, or staphyloccous aureus

Question 12

What are some of the organisms that can cause cardiac pacing wire endocarditis?

Answer 12

Cogulase negative staphylocci, or staphyloccous aureus

Question 13

What are some of the features that allow adhesion to the host cells at the prostheic surfaces?

Answer 13

Can involve the pillir and fimbrae, and when a epitheal surface is damaged can produce fibronectin, which can be a site for bacteria to establish adeherance

Question 14

What is quorum sensing?

Answer 14

Co- ordinate gene expression realted to the local poopilation density and a system of responses that is correlated to the gene expression of bacteria

Question 15

What does quroum sensing control?

Answer 15

Biofilm production, sporutularion and virulence factor secretion

Question 16

What are the three principles of qourum sensing?

Answer 16

Signalling molecules, autoregualtion, cell sirface cles, adn co operative gene expression

Question 17

What are the main principles of the management of surface infections?

Answer 17

You use blood cultures to identify the infecting organisms and its antimircobial suspectibility,

Question 18

What are some of the challenges regarding the treatment of surface infections?

Answer 18

Low metabolic activity of the biofilm, there is poor antibacterial penetration into the bioflom , and there are dangers and diffuculties surrounding the surgery

Question 19

How do you prevent infections on natural surfaces?

Answer 19

You maintian the surface intergrity, prevent the bacteiral surface from colonsiing, and remove the colonising bacteira

Question 20

How do you prevent infections on proestheic surfaces?

Answer 20

Removing the colonising bacteria, inhibition of the surface colonisation, and preventing the colonisation