The Infection Models

Question 1

What are the stages of a infection?

Answer 1

Pathogen and patient interact, and then infection, management and outcome

Question 2

What are some of the different ways of looking at patients?

Answer 2

Person (age, gender, physiological state, pathological state, and social factors) time (calendar time and relative time) and place (current and recent)

Question 3

How can diabetes affect the risk of infection?

Answer 3

E coli blood stream infections- 40% are diabetic patients,

Question 4

How does age affect infection risk?

Answer 4

As you get older your risk of different infections , risk is high in newborns (e coli mennigitis, for example and the risk of mennigococcal mennigitis). very young run out of maternal antibodies, whereas the very old have a immune system less adaptive and responsive

Question 5

How does sex affect the risk of infections?

Answer 5

Urianary tract infections are far more common in women than men due to the different lengths of the urethra.

Question 6

How can physiolgical state influence infection?

Answer 6

In pregancy you are suspectible to certain infections, and in the mentursal cycle PH

Question 7

How can patholigcal state influence infection?

Answer 7

Surgery has an increase infectours state, catheters breach the bloodstream, whereas urianary catheters insert lots of bacteria into the bloodstream.

Question 8

What are some social factors that can increase risk of infection?

Answer 8

Nurserys are hotbeds for infection, and social networks can be a huge influecne especially in sexually transmitted infection

Question 9

How can calander time influence infection?

Answer 9

Winter often has norovirsus and flu.

Question 10

What is the relative time in respect to infection?

Answer 10

Incubuation period of an illness

Question 11

How does place influence the risk of infection?

Answer 11

New infections are discovered but may be geographically restricted

Question 12

What are the different mechansims of infection?

Answer 12

COntingous (direct) spread, inoculation, heamtogenous, ingestion, inhalation, vector and vertical transmission

Question 13

What is contingous or direct infection?

Answer 13

Bacteria getting from a part of body where it is to where it shouldn’t be

Question 14

How is infection spread by inoculation?

Answer 14

A blunt stick with dirt or a surgical site infection

Question 15

What is heamtogenous site of infection?

Answer 15

This is spread that occurs through the bloodstream, infection in one part of the body with secondary absecesses elsewhere, or in conditions such as endocarditis

Question 16

How does infection by ingestion occur?

Answer 16

Eating bacteria, often as part of fecal to oral transmission

Question 17

How do mircorganisms get transmisited by inhalation?

Answer 17

Breathing in organisms as droplets or aerosols

Question 18

What are the different types of management with regards to infection?

Answer 18

History examination, investigations, treatment (specific and supportive) and possibly infection prevention in the hospital and community

Question 19

What are some examples of specific treatments that you might give?

Answer 19

Antimircobials, surgery (drainage, debridement (cutting away infected tissue) and dead space removal)