Infection Prevention

Question 1

What are some of the examples of the communicable nature of infections?

Answer 1

Person to person spread in norovirsus and influenza, animals in the case of rabies, food and water in the cases of food poisoning, and environmental in the cases of legionella and pneumophilia

Question 2

What does endemic disease mean?

Answer 2

The usual background rate of a disease

Question 3

What is an outbreak of disease?

Answer 3

Two or more cases of disease that are linked in time and place

Question 4

What is an epidemic of disease?

Answer 4

A rate of infection that is greater than the normal background rate

Question 5

What is an pandemic of disease?

Answer 5

Very high rate of infecition spreading acorss many regions contietants and countries

Question 6

What is the basic reproduction number of a condition?

Answer 6

R0 is the average number of cases that one case generates over the course eof infectious period in an otherwise uninfected non immune population

Question 7

What do the different numbers of R0 mean?

Answer 7

R0<1 is a decrease in cases
R0= 1 is a stable number of cases
R0<1 is a increase in cases

Question 8

What are the main reasons for outbreaks and epidmeics?

Answer 8

New pathogen, virulence features and antimirboial resistance, new hosts (non immunes or the healthcare effect) and new practice and social helthcare

Question 9

What are some of the factors deretmining the transmitablilty of an infection?

Answer 9

The infectious doses, the number of mircorgansims that is needed to cause an infection that can vary from condition to condition, depending of the mircorgnaism, the presentation of the mircorganism and the immunity of host,

Question 10

What are some of the main interventions that can take place to prevent the spread of infectous disease?

Answer 10

Reduction or eradication of the organism, behhourival chagne, changes in place by the use of enviornmental engineering, reudction or eradication of the pathogen,

Question 11

What are some of the good consquences of contorl?

Answer 11

Decreased incidnece or elimation of organisms, has occured in contions such as smallpox, polio,

Question 12

What are some of the bad consequences of control?

Answer 12

Decreased exposure to pathogen can result in a decreased immune stimuli from the pathogen, resulting in decreased immunity and increased suspectiability, and this results ina outbreak, and there can be laterage average age of exposure whcih can result in increased of severity of the condition