The Adaptive Immune System Flashcards
What are some of the key features of the adaptive immune response?
Diversity in pathogen sesnors, pathogen caputre by the proccess of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis, and the strategic locations for the b and t cell interactions, the skin SALT, the mucous membranes GALT, NALT and BALT and the lymphoid organs.
What are the different types of antigen presenting cells?
Dendritic cells, found in the mucous membranes, and that present to the t cells and the b cells, the langerhans cells in the skin, and the macrophages as well as the b cells
What are the responses of the adaptive immune system to extracelluar mircobes?
Humoral immunity, antibody and complement
What is the response of the adaptive immune response to the intracellular mirbonces?
Cell depednat immunity, cytotoxic t cells ( CD8+ t cells) macrophages and antibodies
What is the function of major histocompatibility complex or a human leukocyte antigen?
Undertake antigen processing, MHC takes it to the t cells and these antigenic peptides are presented by APCs in association with MHCs
What are some of the key features of MHC molecules?
Polymorphoci genese and both parental genes are expressed (there is codominant expression present) MHC I molecules present peptides from the intracellular mircobes, whereas MhC class II present peptides from extracellular mircobes
What cells to MHC class I present too?
CD8+ cells
What cells to MHC class II present too?
CD4+ cells
What are some of the key features of the structures of MHC class I and II molecules?
Have a peptide biding cleft, with a highly polymorphic variable region, and a broad specificty with many peptides presented by the same thing
What are some of the features of the antigen proccessing pathways?
All peptides from the same mircobe are presented by different a MhC molecules including both self and non self peptides. There is an endogenous pathway and an exogenous pathway for the ways that antigens are processed inside and outside the cell
How can HLA typing affect disease progression?
Patients who have the right MHCs wre falled elite controllers or long term non progressors, and therefore have long term non progression with a condition
How does HLA typing affect the progression of HIV?
Slow progressors have HLA B27 HLA B 51 and HLA 9575 and they present key peptides for the survival of the virsus whereas slow progressors present HLA B35, or a homozygote of HLA and present mutated peptide that are less critical for the survival of the viruss, and there is a poor recognition by the t cells and therefore a poor t cell response
What are some of the clinical issues surrounding MHC molecules?
They are major causes of organ transplant rejection, when there is a HlA mismatch between the donor and the prese, and therefore there is a graft v host reaciton.
HLA associated automimmune disease in ankylosimg sponsyltis and insulin depedant diabetes mellitus
What is the process of developing humoural immunity to an extracellular mircobe?
MHC class II, CD4+ t cells, then these develop humoral immunity and the antibody component
What is the overall reaction to a intracellular mircobe?
Can be reaction with MHC class II which reacts with CD4+ t cells to develop humoural immunity Thee can be interaction with MHc class I cells, which react with CD8+ t cells and these form the cytotoxic t cells
