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Psyco 239 > Trauma Disorders > Flashcards

Trauma Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is an adjustment disorder?

A

A maladaptive reaction to an identified stressor or stressors that occur shortly following exposure to the stressors and result in impaired functioning or signs of emotional distress that exceed what would normally be expected in the situation

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2
Q

How can we resolve an adjustment disorder?

A

Reaction may be resolved if the stressor is removed or the individual learns to adapt to it successfully

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3
Q

What is acute stress disorder?

A

A traumatic reaction occurring in the days and weeks following exposure to a traumatic event

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4
Q

How long does acute stress disorder last?

A

4 weeks or less

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5
Q

What is PTSD?

A

Disorder involved in impairing functioning following exposure to a traumatic experience

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6
Q

How long do PTSD symptoms last?

A

At least one month, and my persist for months, years, or decades

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7
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for PTSD?

A

Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence
Intrusive symptoms
Avoidance
Negative alterations in cognitions and moods
Alterations in arousal and reactivity
More than 1 month
Cause clinical distress
Not attributed to physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition

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8
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Feelings of detachment form oneself or one’s environment

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9
Q

What increases the risk of developing PTSD?

A

Higher for people living in war-torn countries and for those engaging in hazardous activities or occupations

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10
Q

What part of the brain can constant stress cause damage to?

A

The hippocampus

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11
Q

What are some other specified trauma and stressor related disorders?

A

Adjustment-like disorders with the delayed onset of symptoms that occur more than 3 months after the stressor
Adjustment-like disorders with prolonged duration of more than 6 months without prolonged duration of stressor
Ataque de nervios
Other cultural symptoms
Persistent complex bereavement disorder

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12
Q

What is trauma?

A

An imprint of a life-threatening event that continues to replay in the present and affects the brain and body
Perceived control is critical
-no control = more likely to develop trauma reactions

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13
Q

Why are no two traumas alike?

A

Trauma occurs from within the person and the event

Some develop a traumatic reaction whiles others do not, even from a similar event

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14
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex like with PTSD?

A

Dysfunctional thought processes and decision making

Inappropriate responses to situations

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15
Q

What is the amygdala like with PTSD?

A

Sets off fight or flight in response to memories or thoughts about danger

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16
Q

What are some common reactions to trauma?

A 
Fear and anxiety
Reexperiencing the trauma
Increased alertness
Avoidance
Angry and irritable 
Guilt and shame
Grief and depression
Views of the world
Use of alcohol or drugs
17
Q

What are some red flags associated with PTSD?

A 
Frequent sick days 
Prone to be angry or irritable 
Relationship difficulty 
Reckless behaviour 
Nightmares
Sleep difficulty 
Apathy 
Unhealthy coping 
Avoidance 
Suicidal thoughts
18
Q

What are some risk factors associated with PTSD?

A 
Strength of immunity fallacy 
Intensity of trauma
Length of the traumatic event 
Death 
Sustaining personal injury 
Perception of control during the event 
Level of support after the event
19
Q

How can we help prevent trauma responses?

A 
Acknowledge that you are not immune 
Find an outlet 
Self care
Choose to be around healthy people 
Define yourself by more than one thing 
Avoid "stuffing"
20
Q

What do we do before we start treating PTSD?

A

Provide information on the treatment process
Obtain informed consent
Develop grounding strategies
Create a trauma inventory
Consider the number of sessions per week
Enlist outside support

21
Q

What are some things that we do while treating PTSD?

A 
Build a solid therapeutic relationship
Stabilize emotional and biological arousal 
Provide psychoeducation 
Process emotions
Discuss triggers 
Plan and debrief exposures 
Engage in cognitive reframing
Explore coping 
Engage in suicide risk assessments 
Instill hope 
Process trauma
22
Q

What is prolonged exposure?

A

A specific type of cognitive behavioural therapy that teaches individuals to gradually approach trauma-related memories, feelings, and situations

23
Q

What is imaginal exposure?

A

Occurs in session with the patient describing the event in detail in the present tense with guidance from a therapist

24
Q

What is in vivo exposure?

A

Involves confronting feared stimuli outside of therapy in a gradual fashion

25
Q

What is exposure?

A

Directly facing a feared object, situation, or activity in real life

26
Q

What are the different types of exposure?

A

Graded exposure
Flooding
Systematic desensitization

27
Q

How does exposure help?

A

Habituation
Extinction
Self-efficacy
Emotional processing

28
Q

What is cognitive-processing therapy?

A

A type of cognitive behavioural therapy that helps patients learn how to modify and challenge unhelpful beliefs related to the trauma

29
Q

What is the goal of cognitive-processing therapy?

A

For the client to become more aware of the relationship between thoughts and emotions and begins to identify automatic thoughts that may be maintaining PTSD symptoms

30
Q

What is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

A

A structured therapy that encourages the patient to briefly focus on the trauma memory while simultaneously experiencing bilateral stimulation

31
Q

What does EMDR do?

A

Intended to change the way that the memory is stored in the brain, thus reducing and eliminating the problematic symptoms

32
Q

What are some additional treatment approaches?

A 
Cognitive behavioural therapy 
Acceptance and commitment therapy 
Compassion-focused therapy 
Dialectical behaviour therapy 
Gestalt therapy 
Suicide risk assessments

Psyco 239 (13 decks)

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