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Psyco 239 > Substance-related and Addictive Disorders > Flashcards

Substance-related and Addictive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are substance use disorders?

A

Patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance

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2
Q

What are substance-induced disorders?

A

Disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances, including intoxication, withdrawal symptoms, mood disorders, delirium, and amnesia

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3
Q

What are psychoactive substances?

A

Describes chemical substances or drugs that have psychological effects

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4
Q

What is polydrug use?

A

Consumption of multiple substances

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5
Q

What is intoxication?

A

Substance-induced disorder characterized by clinically significant problematic behavioural or psychological changes caused by the recent ingestion of a substance
-state of drunkenness or being high

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6
Q

What are some signs of intoxication?

A

Confusion, belligerence, impaired judgement, inattention, and impaired motor and spatial skills

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7
Q

What can extreme intoxication result in?

A

Death to self or others

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8
Q

What is withdrawal syndrome?

A

Characteristic cluster of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops using a particular substance following a prolonged period of heavy use after psychological dependence has developed

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9
Q

What are some withdrawal symptoms?

A

Mouth dryness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, tachycardia, anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, elevated blood pressure, fleeting hallucinations

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of chronic alcoholism withdrawal?

A

Tachycardia, delirium tremens, delirium, disorientation

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11
Q

What are delirium tremens?

A

Withdrawal syndrome characterized by restlessness, sweating, disorientation, and hallucinations

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12
Q

What is delirium?

A

A state of mental confusion characterized by incoherent speech

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13
Q

What is disorientation?

A

State of mental confusion or lack of awareness with respect to place, time, or identity

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14
Q

What is tolerance?

A

A state of physical habituation to a drug such that with frequent use, higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect

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15
Q

What is the most widely used and overused drug?

A

Alcohol

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16
Q

What is addiction?

A

Impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence

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17
Q

What is physiological dependence?

A

State of physical dependence on a drug in which the user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply

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18
Q

What is psychological dependence?

A

Reliance on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependent

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19
Q

What are the 3 pathways to substance use disorder?

A

Experimentation
Routine use
Addiction or dependence

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20
Q

What are depressants?

A

Drugs that lower the level of activity of the central nervous system

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21
Q

What do depressants do?

A

Reduces feelings of tension and anxiety, causes our movements to become sluggish, and impairs our cognitive processes

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22
Q

What happens with high doses of depressants are administered?

A

Arrest vital functions and cause death

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23
Q

What is the depressant present in alcohol?

A

Ethyl alcohol or ethanol

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24
Q

What are the biochemical effects of alcohol similar to?

A

Benzodiazepines

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25
Q

What are the risk factors for alcoholism?

A 
Gender = men start earlier but women catch up later 
Age = less than 40 years old 
Antisocial personality disorder 
Family history 
Sociodemographic factors
26
Q

What health risks does alcoholism pose?

A 
Cancer 
Heart disease 
Cirrhosis of the liver 
Pancreatitis 
Korsakoff's syndrome 
Fetal alcohol syndrome
27
Q

What are barbiturates?

A

Type of depressant drugs that are used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep
Highly addictive sedative

28
Q

What is a sedative?

A

Type of depressant drugs that reduce states of tension and restlessness and induce sleep

29
Q

What are the side effects of barbiturates?

A

Drowsiness, slurred speech, motor impairment, irritability, poor judgement

30
Q

How potent are barbiturates and alcohol mixed together?

A

4 times as powerful

31
Q

What are opiates?

A

Types of depressant drugs with strong addictive properties derived from the opium poppy

32
Q

What feelings do opiates provide?

A

Feelings of euphoria and relief from pain

33
Q

What are some types of opiates?

A

Morphine, heroin, codeine

Demerol, percodan, fentanyl

34
Q

What are narcotics?

A

Drugs that are used for pain relief and treatment for insomnia

35
Q

What is analgesia?

A

Major medical application of opiates natural or synthetic in the relief of pain

36
Q

What part of the brain do opiates stimulate?

A

Brain centres that regulate sensations of pleasure and pain

37
Q

What are endorphins?

A

Natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to morphine

38
Q

What are amphetamines?

A

Types of synthetic stimulants

39
Q

What are some types of amphetamines?

A

Benzedrine
Dexedrine
Meth

40
Q

What do amphetamines do?

A

Produces euphoric rush

41
Q

What can high doses of amphetamines cause?

A

Restlessness, irritability, hallucinations, paranoid delusions, loss of appetite, insomnia

42
Q

What is abstinence syndrome?

A

Characterized by depression and fatigue as well as unpleasant, vivid dreams, insomnia or hyper insomnia, increased appetite, and either slowing down of motor behaviour or agitation

43
Q

What is amphetamine psychosis?

A

Psychotic state induced by ingestion of amphetamines

44
Q

What is cocaine?

A

A natural stimulant extracted from the leaves of the coca plant

45
Q

What does cocaine do?

A

Produces rush from snorting that lingers

46
Q

What is crack?

A

A hardened, smokable form of cocaine

Produces a prompt and potent rush that wears off in a few minutes

47
Q

What is freebasing?

A

Intensifies the effects of cocaine

Cocaine in powder form is heated with ether, freeing the psychoactive chemical base of the drug and then smoked

48
Q

What are the effects of cocaine?

A

Increases the availability in the brain of the neurotransmitter dopamine
Produces a pleasurable high
Produces a sudden rise in blood pressure and hear rate

49
Q

What are symptoms of cocaine overdose?

A

Restlessness, insomnia, headaches, nausea, convulsions, tremors, hallucinations, and delusions

50
Q

What is nicotine?

A

Physical addiction to a stimulant drug, nicotine, found in tobacco products including cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco

51
Q

What are the effects of nicotine?

A

Increases alertness
Stimulates the release of epinephrine
Releases endorphins

52
Q

What are hallucinogens?

A

Class of drugs that induce sensory distortions or hallucinations

53
Q

What are some types of hallucinogens?

A

LSD
Magic mushrooms
Mescaline

54
Q

What are the effects of hallucinogens?

A

Produces major alterations in colour perception and hearing

Relaxation, euphoria, panic

55
Q

What does LSD do?

A

Vivid parade of colours and visual distortions

Unpredictable effects

56
Q

What are flashbacks produced by hallucinogens?

A

Vivid re-experiencing of a past event

57
Q

What is phencyclidine?

A

Deliriant drug
Produces hallucinations
Accelerates heart rate and blood pressure
Dissociation

58
Q

What are the effects of marijuana?

A 
Produces relaxing feelings 
Increased awareness of bodily sensations 
High doses often leads to withdrawal 
Elevates hear rate and blood pressure 
Risk of lung cancer
59
Q

What are inhalants?

A

Substances that produce chemical vapours for their psychoactive effect

60
Q

What are the effects of inhalants?

A

Induce feelings of intoxication and euphoria

Impairments in learning and memory

Psyco 239 (13 decks)

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