Substance-related and Addictive Disorders

Question 1

What are substance use disorders?

Answer 1

Patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance

Question 2

What are substance-induced disorders?

Answer 2

Disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances, including intoxication, withdrawal symptoms, mood disorders, delirium, and amnesia

Question 3

What are psychoactive substances?

Answer 3

Describes chemical substances or drugs that have psychological effects

Question 4

What is polydrug use?

Answer 4

Consumption of multiple substances

Question 5

What is intoxication?

Answer 5

Substance-induced disorder characterized by clinically significant problematic behavioural or psychological changes caused by the recent ingestion of a substance
-state of drunkenness or being high

Question 6

What are some signs of intoxication?

Answer 6

Confusion, belligerence, impaired judgement, inattention, and impaired motor and spatial skills

Question 7

What can extreme intoxication result in?

Answer 7

Death to self or others

Question 8

What is withdrawal syndrome?

Answer 8

Characteristic cluster of symptoms that occur when a person abruptly stops using a particular substance following a prolonged period of heavy use after psychological dependence has developed

Question 9

What are some withdrawal symptoms?

Answer 9

Mouth dryness, nausea, vomiting, weakness, tachycardia, anxiety, depression, headaches, insomnia, elevated blood pressure, fleeting hallucinations

Question 10

What are the symptoms of chronic alcoholism withdrawal?

Answer 10

Tachycardia, delirium tremens, delirium, disorientation

Question 11

What are delirium tremens?

Answer 11

Withdrawal syndrome characterized by restlessness, sweating, disorientation, and hallucinations

Question 12

What is delirium?

Answer 12

A state of mental confusion characterized by incoherent speech

Question 13

What is disorientation?

Answer 13

State of mental confusion or lack of awareness with respect to place, time, or identity

Question 14

What is tolerance?

Answer 14

A state of physical habituation to a drug such that with frequent use, higher doses are needed to achieve the same effect

Question 15

What is the most widely used and overused drug?

Answer 15

Alcohol

Question 16

What is addiction?

Answer 16

Impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence

Question 17

What is physiological dependence?

Answer 17

State of physical dependence on a drug in which the user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply

Question 18

What is psychological dependence?

Answer 18

Reliance on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependent

Question 19

What are the 3 pathways to substance use disorder?

Answer 19

Experimentation
Routine use
Addiction or dependence

Question 20

What are depressants?

Answer 20

Drugs that lower the level of activity of the central nervous system

Question 21

What do depressants do?

Answer 21

Reduces feelings of tension and anxiety, causes our movements to become sluggish, and impairs our cognitive processes

Question 22

What happens with high doses of depressants are administered?

Answer 22

Arrest vital functions and cause death

Question 23

What is the depressant present in alcohol?

Answer 23

Ethyl alcohol or ethanol

Question 24

What are the biochemical effects of alcohol similar to?

Answer 24

Benzodiazepines

Question 25

What are the risk factors for alcoholism?

Answer 25

``` Gender = men start earlier but women catch up later Age = less than 40 years old Antisocial personality disorder Family history Sociodemographic factors ```

Question 26

What health risks does alcoholism pose?

Answer 26

``` Cancer Heart disease Cirrhosis of the liver Pancreatitis Korsakoff's syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome ```

Question 27

What are barbiturates?

Answer 27

Type of depressant drugs that are used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep Highly addictive sedative

Question 28

What is a sedative?

Answer 28

Type of depressant drugs that reduce states of tension and restlessness and induce sleep

Question 29

What are the side effects of barbiturates?

Answer 29

Drowsiness, slurred speech, motor impairment, irritability, poor judgement

Question 30

How potent are barbiturates and alcohol mixed together?

Answer 30

4 times as powerful

Question 31

What are opiates?

Answer 31

Types of depressant drugs with strong addictive properties derived from the opium poppy

Question 32

What feelings do opiates provide?

Answer 32

Feelings of euphoria and relief from pain

Question 33

What are some types of opiates?

Answer 33

Morphine, heroin, codeine | Demerol, percodan, fentanyl

Question 34

What are narcotics?

Answer 34

Drugs that are used for pain relief and treatment for insomnia

Question 35

What is analgesia?

Answer 35

Major medical application of opiates natural or synthetic in the relief of pain

Question 36

What part of the brain do opiates stimulate?

Answer 36

Brain centres that regulate sensations of pleasure and pain

Question 37

What are endorphins?

Answer 37

Natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to morphine

Question 38

What are amphetamines?

Answer 38

Types of synthetic stimulants

Question 39

What are some types of amphetamines?

Answer 39

Benzedrine Dexedrine Meth

Question 40

What do amphetamines do?

Answer 40

Produces euphoric rush

Question 41

What can high doses of amphetamines cause?

Answer 41

Restlessness, irritability, hallucinations, paranoid delusions, loss of appetite, insomnia

Question 42

What is abstinence syndrome?

Answer 42

Characterized by depression and fatigue as well as unpleasant, vivid dreams, insomnia or hyper insomnia, increased appetite, and either slowing down of motor behaviour or agitation

Question 43

What is amphetamine psychosis?

Answer 43

Psychotic state induced by ingestion of amphetamines

Question 44

What is cocaine?

Answer 44

A natural stimulant extracted from the leaves of the coca plant

Question 45

What does cocaine do?

Answer 45

Produces rush from snorting that lingers

Question 46

What is crack?

Answer 46

A hardened, smokable form of cocaine | Produces a prompt and potent rush that wears off in a few minutes

Question 47

What is freebasing?

Answer 47

Intensifies the effects of cocaine | Cocaine in powder form is heated with ether, freeing the psychoactive chemical base of the drug and then smoked

Question 48

What are the effects of cocaine?

Answer 48

Increases the availability in the brain of the neurotransmitter dopamine Produces a pleasurable high Produces a sudden rise in blood pressure and hear rate

Question 49

What are symptoms of cocaine overdose?

Answer 49

Restlessness, insomnia, headaches, nausea, convulsions, tremors, hallucinations, and delusions

Question 50

What is nicotine?

Answer 50

Physical addiction to a stimulant drug, nicotine, found in tobacco products including cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco

Question 51

What are the effects of nicotine?

Answer 51

Increases alertness Stimulates the release of epinephrine Releases endorphins

Question 52

What are hallucinogens?

Answer 52

Class of drugs that induce sensory distortions or hallucinations

Question 53

What are some types of hallucinogens?

Answer 53

LSD Magic mushrooms Mescaline

Question 54

What are the effects of hallucinogens?

Answer 54

Produces major alterations in colour perception and hearing | Relaxation, euphoria, panic

Question 55

What does LSD do?

Answer 55

Vivid parade of colours and visual distortions | Unpredictable effects

Question 56

What are flashbacks produced by hallucinogens?

Answer 56

Vivid re-experiencing of a past event

Question 57

What is phencyclidine?

Answer 57

Deliriant drug Produces hallucinations Accelerates heart rate and blood pressure Dissociation

Question 58

What are the effects of marijuana?

Answer 58

``` Produces relaxing feelings Increased awareness of bodily sensations High doses often leads to withdrawal Elevates hear rate and blood pressure Risk of lung cancer ```

Question 59

What are inhalants?

Answer 59

Substances that produce chemical vapours for their psychoactive effect

Question 60

What are the effects of inhalants?

Answer 60

Induce feelings of intoxication and euphoria | Impairments in learning and memory