Sleep Disorders Flashcards
What are sleep-wake disorders?
Diagnostic category representing persistent or recurrent sleep-related problems that cause significant personal distress or impaired functioning
What are polysomnographic recordings?
Simultaneous measurement of multiple physiological responses during sleep or attempted sleep
What is insomnia disorder?
Difficulties falling asleep, remaining asleep, or achieving restorative sleep
What is the prevalence of insomnia?
6-10% of the population
Most common sleep disturbance
What are the risk factors for insomnia?
High levels of life stress, shift work, heavy drinking or cannabis use, obesity, being divorced separated or widowed, being female, and lower levels of education and income
High comorbidity with depression and anxiety
What are the effects of insomnia?
Sleep-deprived brain is less able to concentrate, pay attention, respond quickly, solve problems, and remember recently acquired information
Linked to reduced immune system functioning
What is hypersomnolence disorder?
Persistent sleep patter of excessive sleepiness during the day
May sleep for more than 9 hours but still feel tired
Leads to difficulties in daily functioning
What is narcolepsy?
Characterized by sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep attacks
Remain asleep for on average 15 minutes
Immediate transition into REM sleep from wakefulness
What is cataplexy?
Brief, sudden loss of muscular control, lasting from a few seconds to as long as two minutes following a strong emotional response
What are breathing-related disorders?
Sleep is repeatedly disrupted due to difficulties breathing normally
What are the effects of breathing-related disorders?
Excessive daytime sleepiness
Impaired intellectual and memory functioning, depression, accidents at work and on the road, increased risk of high blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes, cancer, or sudden death
What is obstructive sleep apnea?
Characterized by repeating episodes of complete or partial obstruction of breathing during sleep
What are circadian rhythm sleep disorders?
Characterized by disruption of sleep caused by a mismatch in sleep schedules between the body’s internal sleep-wake cycle and the demands of the environment
What are parasomnias?
Category of sleep-wake disorders involving the occurrence of abnormal behaviours or physiological events during sleep or at the transition between wakefulness and sleep
What is nightmare disorder?
Characterized by recurrent awakenings from sleep because of frightening nightmares
More frequent when the individual is under stress, associated with trauma, occurs during REM sleep
What are non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders?
Characterized by recurrent episodes of incomplete arousals during sleep that are accompanies by sleep terrors or sleep walking
What are sleep terrors?
Scream or thrash about during sleep
What is sleepwalking?
Characterized by episodes in which the sleeper arises from bed and walks about while remaining fully asleep
Tends to occur during the deeper stages of sleep
What are anxiolytics?
Sedatives and anaesthetics that induce partial or complete unconsciousness
What are benzodiazepines and antidepressants used to treat in relation to sleep disorders?
Sleep terrors and sleepwalking
What is narcolepsy treated with?
Psychostimulants
What is sleep apnea treated with?
Positive airway masks
What are CBT approaches to treating sleep disorders?
Lowering states of physiological arousal Modifying sleep habits Changing dysfunctional thoughts Stimulus control Relaxation training Anxiety management
What are some sleep strategies?
Only retire to bed when you feel tired Limit bed activities to sleeping Get out of bed if you can't fall asleep after 20 minutes Establish a regular routine Avoids naps during the day Avoid ruminating in bed Relax before sleeping Establish a regular exercise schedule Avoid caffeinated beverages Practice rational restructuring for self-defeating thoughts
