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Psyco 239 > Gender Dysphoria, Paraphilic Disorders, and Sexual Dysfunctions > Flashcards

Gender Dysphoria, Paraphilic Disorders, and Sexual Dysfunctions Flashcards

1
Q

What is “normal” behaviour influenced by?

A

Sociocultural factors

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2
Q

What is gender identity?

A

One’s psychological sense of being male, female, intersex, transgender, nonbinary, or others

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3
Q

What is gender dysphoria?

A

Disorder in which an individual experiences significant personal distress or impaired functioning as a result of a discrepancy between their anatomic sex and gender identity

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4
Q

What is transgender identity?

A

Type of gender identity in which the individual has the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other

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5
Q

What are the features of gender dysphoria?

A

Often begins in childhood
Children with the disorder find their anatomic gender to be a source of persistent and intense distress
Prevalence is higher in males than in females
Higher suicide rate

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6
Q

What is the psychodynamic theory of gender dysphoria?

A

Extremely close mother-son relationships, parents with empty relationships, and fathers who were absent or deteached

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7
Q

What is the learning theory of gender dysphoria?

A

Unavailability of a strong male role model

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8
Q

How do we treat gender dysphoria?

A

Hormone therapy
Living as the identified gender
Sex reassignment surgery
Psychotherapy

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9
Q

What are paraphilic disorders?

A

Recurrent sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving inanimate objects, inappropriate or non-consenting partners, situations producing humiliation and pain to oneself or one’s partner
Person has either acted on such urges or is strongly distressed by them

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10
Q

What is exhibitionistic disorder?

A

Involves recurrent, powerful urges to expose one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger to surprise, shock, or sexually arouse the victim

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11
Q

What type of people are exhibitionists?

A

Most are married men and are married

Have unsatisfactory relationships with women

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12
Q

What is fetishistic disorder?

A

Recurrent, powerful sexual urges and arousing fantasies involving inanimate objects or nongenital body parts
Thought to be a type of conditioning or imprinting

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13
Q

What is transvestic disorder?

A

Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving cross-dressing for purposes of sexual arousal
Heterosexual men

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14
Q

What is voyeuristic disorder?

A

Recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving watching unsuspecting people, generally strangers, who are undressed, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity

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15
Q

What is frotteuristic disorder?

A

Recurrent sexual urges or sexually arousing fantasies involving bumps and rubbing against nonconsenting victims for sexual gratification

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16
Q

What is pedophilic disorder?

A

Recurrent sexual urges or sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with prepubescent children
Diagnosis can be made without the person acting on the fantasies

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17
Q

How old does someone need to be to be diagnosed with pedophilic disorder?

A

16

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18
Q

What is a diagnostic indicator for pedophilic disorder?

A

The extensive use of child pornography

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19
Q

What type of people have pedophilic disorder?

A

Usually law abiding men in their 30s or 40s

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20
Q

What are the effects of child sexual abuse?

A 
Psychological problems
Eating disorders
Premature sexual behaviour or promiscuity 
Drug abuse
Suicide attempts 
PTSD
21
Q

What is sexual masochism disorder?

A

Recurrent urges and fantasies relating to sexual acts that involve being humiliated, bound, flogged, or made to suffer in other ways
Cannot gain sexual gratification in the absence of pain and humiliation

22
Q

What is hypoxyphilia

A

When a person seeks sexual gratification by being deprived of oxygen

23
Q

What is sexual sadism disorder?

A

Recurrent sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving inflicting humiliation or physical pain on sex partners

24
Q

What is sadomasochism?

A

Sexual activities between consenting partners involving the attainment of gratification by means of inflicting and receiving pain and humiliation

25
Q

What is telephone scatologia?

A

Obscene phone calls

26
Q

What is necrophilia?

A

Sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with corpses

27
Q

What is zoophilia?

A

Sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with animals

28
Q

What is coprophilia?

A

Sexual urges or fantasies involving feces

29
Q

What is the psychological perspective of paraphilias?

A

A defence against leftover castration anxiety from the Oedipal period

30
Q

What is the learning perspective of paraphilias?

A

Conditioning and observational learning

31
Q

What is the biological perspective of paraphilias?

A

Higher than average sex drive in males

Differences in brainwave patterns

32
Q

How can we treat paraphilias with psychoanalysis?

A

Bring childhood sexual conflicts into awareness so that they can be resolved in the light of the individuals adult personality

33
Q

How can we treat paraphilias with CBT?

A

Aversive conditioning to induce a negative emotional reaction to paraphilic stimuli or fantasies
Building social skills, the development of stress-management skills

34
Q

How can we treat paraphilias with biomedical therapies?

A

SSRIs for anxiety and depression

Antiandrogen drugs to reduce the levels of testosterone

35
Q

What is sexual assault?

A

Non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purposes

36
Q

What are the 3 levels of sexual assault?

A

Level 1: non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purposes

Level 2: assault with a weapon

Level 3: aggravated; physical harm and/or threat of death

37
Q

What is a theoretical perspective behind sexual assault?

A

Desires to dominate women or express hatred toward them may be more dominant motives for sexual assault than is sexual desire
May or may not exhibit a psychological disorder
Stereotypes of male aggressiveness and social dominance

38
Q

What is the treatment for sexual assault victims?

A

Crisis intervention

Longer-term treatment

39
Q

What are sexual dysfunctions?

A

Involve problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response

40
Q

What are the three types of sexual dysfunction?

A
  1. Disorders involving problems with sexual interest or arousal
  2. Disorders involving problems with orgasmic response
  3. Problems involving pain during sexual intercourse or penetration
41
Q

What are three sexual interest/arousal disorders?

A

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Male erectile disorder

42
Q

What are the types of orgasm disorders?

A

Female orgasmic disorders
Male orgasmic disorders
Delayed ejaculation
Premature ejaculation

43
Q

What are sexual pain disorders?

A

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

44
Q

What is the biological perspective of sexual dysfunction?

A

Testosterone levels
Thyroid overactivity or under-activity
Diabetes
Medical conditions

45
Q

What is the learning perspective of sexual dysfunction?

A

Conditioned anxiety

46
Q

What is the cognitive perspective of sexual dysfunction?

A

Irrational beliefs and attitudes

Performance anxiety

47
Q

What is the sociocultural perspective of sexual dysfunction?

A

Restricted sociocultural beliefs and sexual taboos
Body insecurities and religion
Connection between a man’s sexual performance and his sense of manhood

48
Q

What are some ways to treat sexual dysfunction?

A 
Sex therapy 
Relaxation techniques 
Masturbation 
Stop-and-go technique 
Biological treatments like Viagra

Psyco 239 (13 decks)

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