Gender Dysphoria, Paraphilic Disorders, and Sexual Dysfunctions

Question 1

What is “normal” behaviour influenced by?

Answer 1

Sociocultural factors

Question 2

What is gender identity?

Answer 2

One’s psychological sense of being male, female, intersex, transgender, nonbinary, or others

Question 3

What is gender dysphoria?

Answer 3

Disorder in which an individual experiences significant personal distress or impaired functioning as a result of a discrepancy between their anatomic sex and gender identity

Question 4

What is transgender identity?

Answer 4

Type of gender identity in which the individual has the psychological sense of belonging to one gender while possessing the sexual organs of the other

Question 5

What are the features of gender dysphoria?

Answer 5

Often begins in childhood
Children with the disorder find their anatomic gender to be a source of persistent and intense distress
Prevalence is higher in males than in females
Higher suicide rate

Question 6

What is the psychodynamic theory of gender dysphoria?

Answer 6

Extremely close mother-son relationships, parents with empty relationships, and fathers who were absent or deteached

Question 7

What is the learning theory of gender dysphoria?

Answer 7

Unavailability of a strong male role model

Question 8

How do we treat gender dysphoria?

Answer 8

Hormone therapy
Living as the identified gender
Sex reassignment surgery
Psychotherapy

Question 9

What are paraphilic disorders?

Answer 9

Recurrent sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving inanimate objects, inappropriate or non-consenting partners, situations producing humiliation and pain to oneself or one’s partner
Person has either acted on such urges or is strongly distressed by them

Question 10

What is exhibitionistic disorder?

Answer 10

Involves recurrent, powerful urges to expose one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger to surprise, shock, or sexually arouse the victim

Question 11

What type of people are exhibitionists?

Answer 11

Most are married men and are married

Have unsatisfactory relationships with women

Question 12

What is fetishistic disorder?

Answer 12

Recurrent, powerful sexual urges and arousing fantasies involving inanimate objects or nongenital body parts
Thought to be a type of conditioning or imprinting

Question 13

What is transvestic disorder?

Answer 13

Recurrent, powerful urges and related fantasies involving cross-dressing for purposes of sexual arousal
Heterosexual men

Question 14

What is voyeuristic disorder?

Answer 14

Recurrent, powerful sexual urges and related fantasies involving watching unsuspecting people, generally strangers, who are undressed, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity

Question 15

What is frotteuristic disorder?

Answer 15

Recurrent sexual urges or sexually arousing fantasies involving bumps and rubbing against nonconsenting victims for sexual gratification

Question 16

What is pedophilic disorder?

Answer 16

Recurrent sexual urges or sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with prepubescent children
Diagnosis can be made without the person acting on the fantasies

Question 17

How old does someone need to be to be diagnosed with pedophilic disorder?

Answer 17

16

Question 18

What is a diagnostic indicator for pedophilic disorder?

Answer 18

The extensive use of child pornography

Question 19

What type of people have pedophilic disorder?

Answer 19

Usually law abiding men in their 30s or 40s

Question 20

What are the effects of child sexual abuse?

Answer 20

Psychological problems
Eating disorders
Premature sexual behaviour or promiscuity 
Drug abuse
Suicide attempts 
PTSD

Question 21

What is sexual masochism disorder?

Answer 21

Recurrent urges and fantasies relating to sexual acts that involve being humiliated, bound, flogged, or made to suffer in other ways
Cannot gain sexual gratification in the absence of pain and humiliation

Question 22

What is hypoxyphilia

Answer 22

When a person seeks sexual gratification by being deprived of oxygen

Question 23

What is sexual sadism disorder?

Answer 23

Recurrent sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving inflicting humiliation or physical pain on sex partners

Question 24

What is sadomasochism?

Answer 24

Sexual activities between consenting partners involving the attainment of gratification by means of inflicting and receiving pain and humiliation

Question 25

What is telephone scatologia?

Answer 25

Obscene phone calls

Question 26

What is necrophilia?

Answer 26

Sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with corpses

Question 27

What is zoophilia?

Answer 27

Sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with animals

Question 28

What is coprophilia?

Answer 28

Sexual urges or fantasies involving feces

Question 29

What is the psychological perspective of paraphilias?

Answer 29

A defence against leftover castration anxiety from the Oedipal period

Question 30

What is the learning perspective of paraphilias?

Answer 30

Conditioning and observational learning

Question 31

What is the biological perspective of paraphilias?

Answer 31

Higher than average sex drive in males | Differences in brainwave patterns

Question 32

How can we treat paraphilias with psychoanalysis?

Answer 32

Bring childhood sexual conflicts into awareness so that they can be resolved in the light of the individuals adult personality

Question 33

How can we treat paraphilias with CBT?

Answer 33

Aversive conditioning to induce a negative emotional reaction to paraphilic stimuli or fantasies Building social skills, the development of stress-management skills

Question 34

How can we treat paraphilias with biomedical therapies?

Answer 34

SSRIs for anxiety and depression | Antiandrogen drugs to reduce the levels of testosterone

Question 35

What is sexual assault?

Answer 35

Non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purposes

Question 36

What are the 3 levels of sexual assault?

Answer 36

Level 1: non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purposes Level 2: assault with a weapon Level 3: aggravated; physical harm and/or threat of death

Question 37

What is a theoretical perspective behind sexual assault?

Answer 37

Desires to dominate women or express hatred toward them may be more dominant motives for sexual assault than is sexual desire May or may not exhibit a psychological disorder Stereotypes of male aggressiveness and social dominance

Question 38

What is the treatment for sexual assault victims?

Answer 38

Crisis intervention | Longer-term treatment

Question 39

What are sexual dysfunctions?

Answer 39

Involve problems with sexual interest, arousal, or response

Question 40

What are the three types of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 40

1. Disorders involving problems with sexual interest or arousal 2. Disorders involving problems with orgasmic response 3. Problems involving pain during sexual intercourse or penetration

Question 41

What are three sexual interest/arousal disorders?

Answer 41

Female sexual interest/arousal disorder Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder Male erectile disorder

Question 42

What are the types of orgasm disorders?

Answer 42

Female orgasmic disorders Male orgasmic disorders Delayed ejaculation Premature ejaculation

Question 43

What are sexual pain disorders?

Answer 43

Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

Question 44

What is the biological perspective of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 44

Testosterone levels Thyroid overactivity or under-activity Diabetes Medical conditions

Question 45

What is the learning perspective of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 45

Conditioned anxiety

Question 46

What is the cognitive perspective of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 46

Irrational beliefs and attitudes | Performance anxiety

Question 47

What is the sociocultural perspective of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 47

Restricted sociocultural beliefs and sexual taboos Body insecurities and religion Connection between a man's sexual performance and his sense of manhood

Question 48

What are some ways to treat sexual dysfunction?

Answer 48

``` Sex therapy Relaxation techniques Masturbation Stop-and-go technique Biological treatments like Viagra ```