Eating Disorders Flashcards
What are eating disorders?
Psychological disorders involving disturbed eating patterns and maladaptive ways of controlling body weight
How prevalent are eating disorders?
0.4% of the Canadian population
80% are women
What are the 3 major types of eating disorders?
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge-eating disorder
What is anorexia nervosa?
Eating disorder, primarily affecting young women, characterized by the maintenance of abnormally low body weight, distortions of body image, and intense fears of gaining weight
When does anorexia nervosa develop?
Between the ages of 12 and 18
Who is at risk for anorexia nervosa?
Competitive athletes are at a higher risk
What are the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa?
Binge eating/purging
Restrictive
What is the restricting type?
Weight loss is accomplished primarily through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise
What is the binge-eating/purging type?
Self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas
What is the likelihood of dying from anorexia nervosa?
Approximately 10% will die within 10 years of receiving a diagnosis
What is amenorrhea?
Absence of menstruation
What is osteoporosis?
Physical disorder caused by calcium deficiency that is characterized by extreme brittleness of the bones
What are the medical complications of anorexia nervosa?
Dry, cracking skin
Fine, downy hair
Heat irregularities, hypotension, dizziness, blackouts
Constipation, abdominal pain, and obstruction or paralysis of the bowels or intestines
What is bulimia nervosa?
Eating disorder characterized by a recurrent pattern of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviours to prevent weight gain
Accompanied with an over concern with body weight and image
When does bulimia nervosa develop?
In the late teens
What are binges?
Occurs in secret, lasts from 30-60 minutes, feel they lack control, 5000 to 10k calories at a time
What are medical complications of bulimia nervosa?
Decay of tooth enamel and dental cavities
Pancreatitis
Potassium deficiency, producing muscular weakness, cardiac irregularities, sudden death
Bloody diarrhea and laxative dependency.
What are the causes of anorexia and bulimia?
Sociocultural factors
-culture and the media
Psychological factors
- perfectionist attitudes
- body dissatisfaction
- psychological problems and low self esteem
- rigid behaviour
- control and independence
Family factors
-system perspective
Biological factors
- serotonin and dopamine
- genetics
How are anorexia and bulimia treated?
Hospitalization Cognitive analytic therapy Behaviour therapy Family therapy CBT Interpersonal psychotherapy
What is pica?
Persistent craving of eating or items that are not food
What is rumination disorder?
Characterized by repeated eating, regurgitation, and then re-chewing and re-eating of food
What is feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood?
Persistent failure to consume foods that provide adequate nutrition
What is Prader-Willi syndrome?
Disorder of chromosome 15
Characterized by loss of muscle tone and feeding difficulties in early infancy, followed later by an insatiable appetite, excessive eating, and gradual development of life-threatening obesity
What is cyclic vomiting syndrome?
Characterized by recurrent bouts of severe nausea ad vomiting that last for hours or even days
What is anorexia athletica?
Exercising for an amount of time or at an intensity that is well beyond normal
What is muscle dysmorphia?
A chronic preoccupation with the belief and insecurity that one is not muscular enough
What is orthexia nervosa?
Obsession with eating pure or superior foods to the point that it interferes with a person’s life
What is night eating syndrome?
A form of compulsive eating whereby more than half the person’s daily food intake is consumed after dinner and before breakfast
What is a nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder?
A rare type of sleepwalking disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating during sleep; it can lead to significant weight gain
What is Gourmand syndrome?
An eating disorder linked to damage of the right hemisphere
Results in a person becoming obsessed with shopping for speciality foods, engaging to elaborate food preparation
What is binge-eating disorder?
Characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating but is not followed by purging
Compulsive overeaters
Loss of control and shame
When does binge-eating disorder develop?
30s or 40s
