Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders

Question 1

What is a traumatic event?

Answer 1

Exposure to actual or threatened harm or fear of death or injury and are considered uncommon or extreme stressors.

Question 2

What is a stressful event?

Answer 2

Causing changes in, and demands readjustments of, an average person’s normal routine.

Question 3

What is child maltreatment?

Answer 3

Generic term that refers to four primary acts: physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and psychological abuse.

Question 4

What is an expectable environment?

Answer 4

Protective and nurturing, as well as opportunities for socialization and exploration.

Question 5

What kind of stressors are manageable?

Answer 5

Mild, predictable, and brief.

Question 6

Managing mild, predictable, and brief stress may result in what?

Answer 6

Enhancement in the child’s biological and psychological competence.

Question 7

What may indicate that a person’s stress system is overtaxed and may be shutting down?

Answer 7

Being hypo-responsive to stressful events.

Question 8

What is allostatic load?

Answer 8

A concept used to describe this progressive “wear and tear” on biological systems due to the effects of chronic stress.

Question 9

What are the three main types of neglect?

Answer 9

1. Physical. 2. Educational. 3. Emotional.

Question 10

What is an effective treatment for trauma? (2)

Answer 10

Exposure based therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy.

Question 11

What are the four types of unresponsive care?

Answer 11

1. Occasional inattention. 2. Chronic under-stimulation. 3. Severe neglect in a family context. 4. Severe neglect in a institutional setting.

Question 12

Does vulnerability decrease as age increase?

Answer 12

Yes.

Question 13

What did the Bucharest Early Intervention Project do?

Answer 13

Created own experimental foster care network with social workers overseeing 56 foster homes.

Question 14

What were the results of the Bucharest Early Intervention Project? (2)

Answer 14

1. IQ was lower in no treatment group. 2. Early intervention is important (before 24 months).

Question 15

What were the three groups in the Bucharest Early Intervention Project?

Answer 15

1. No treatment. 2. Foster care treatment. 3. Never in orphanage.

Question 16

What are the four core features of PTSD?

Answer 16

1. Intrusion. 2. Avoidance. 3. Cognitive distortion. 4. Extreme reactivity or arousal.

Question 17

What are the specifiers for PTSD? (2)

Answer 17

1. With dissociation symptoms. 2. With delayed expression.

Question 18

By what time do the symptoms of PTSD usually show up after the traumatic event?

Answer 18

Within 3 months.

Question 19

What is PTSD?

Answer 19

Persistent anxiety following an overwhelming traumatic event that occurs outside the range of usual human experience.

Question 20

Children with PTSD show what kind of amygdala reactivity over time compared to typically developing children?

Answer 20

They show more amygdala reactivity.

Question 21

Children with PTSD show what kind of prefrontal recruitment compared to typically developing children?

Answer 21

They show decreased prefrontal recruitment with age.

Question 22

Children with PTSD show what kind of amygdala-dmPFC coupling compared to typically developing children?

Answer 22

They show decreased amygdala-dmPFC coupling with age.

Question 23

What percent of children experience trauma by age 18?

Answer 23

66% of children.

Question 24

PPRACTICE is the key component of what therapy?

Answer 24

Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 25

What does PPRACTICE stand for?

Answer 25

P. Psychoeducation. 2. P. Parenting skills. 3. R. Relaxation skills. A. Affect regulation skills. C. Cognitive coping. T. Trauma narrative. I. Invivo mastery of trauma reminders. C. Child-parent sessions. E. Enhancing future safety and development.