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Child Psychopathology > Test 1 Study > Flashcards

Test 1 Study Flashcards

1
Q

What is actuarial decision making?

A

Statistical decision making. Data driven. Based on objective data.

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2
Q

What are the two types of clinical formulations?

A

Idiographic and Nomothetic.

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3
Q

What are the three elements a treatment plan should include?

A
  1. Improve outcomes relating to child functioning, 2. family functioning, and 3. improve outcomes of societal importance.
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4
Q

What is a neuropsychological assessment?

A

Link brain functioning with objective measures of behavior known to depend on an intact central nervous system.

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5
Q

What is screening?

A

Identifying children at risk, who are then referred for a more thorough evaluation.

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6
Q

What is a developmental test?

A

A test used to assess infants and young children, and are generally carried out for the purposes of screening, diagnosis, and evaluation of early development.

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7
Q

What is a behavioral assessment?

A

A strategy for evaluating the child’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in specific settings, then using the info to form hypotheses about the nature of the problem and what can be done about it. Use “ABC”.

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8
Q

What is a diagnosis?

A

Analyzing information and drawing conclusions about the nature or cause of the problem, or assigning a formal diagnostic label for the disorder.

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9
Q

What is a clinical description?

A

Summary of unique behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that together make up the features of the child’s psychological disorder.

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10
Q

What is a clinical assessment?

A

Using systematic problem-solving strategies to understand children with disturbances and their family and school environments.

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11
Q

What is a symptom?

A

A feature that is regarded as indicating a condition of disease/disorder.

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12
Q

What is a disease?

A

Closely related symptoms with a known etiology.

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13
Q

What is a disorder?

A

Closely related symptoms with an unknown etiology.

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14
Q

What are some sources of resistance to the actuarial method of clinical decision making? (4)

A
  1. Clinicians not knowing the data. 2. Self-appraisal. 3. Believing that group stats do not apply to single individuals. 4. It dehumanizes clients.
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15
Q

What are the limits of actuarial decision making? (2)

A
  1. Sometimes only achieve modest results. 2. Methods should be re-evaluated periodically.
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16
Q

What happened in the 1880s?

A

The US census gathered data on “idiocy” and “insanity.”

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17
Q

What happened in 1917 (DSM History)?

A

Institutions for the insane began collecting data on their populations.

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18
Q

What happened in 1930 (DSM History)?

A

US Army developed a classification system to characterize veterans presenting with health problems.

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19
Q

What happened in 1952 (DSM History)?

A

The first edition of the DSM was published.

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20
Q

What was the original DSM based on vs. the ICD?

A

The DSM focused on the psycho-biological view and behavioral observations.

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21
Q

What are four major problems with the DSM-5?

A
  1. Comorbidity. 2. Heterogeneity. 3. No advances in mental health. 4. Complexity of the brain.
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22
Q

What is a spurious comorbidity?

A

Attributing a single set of symptoms toward criteria for several diagnoses.

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23
Q

What does heterogeneity mean?

A

Many ways to meet the criteria for a single mental disorder.

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24
Q

What is artificial comorbidity?

A

Arbitrary splitting of diagnostic entities into specific or narrowly defined disorders.

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25
Q

Why does artificial comorbidity occur?

A

Diagnoses in the DSM are not based on underlying etiology.

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26
Q

What is meant by the problem the complexity of the brain problem and the DSM?

A

We can not map findings from basic science onto DSM categories.

27
Q

What are two other problems with the DSM?

A
  1. Treatments are not precise. 2. Not otherwise specified diagnosis is most widely given diagnosis.
28
Q

What is the first goal of RDoC?

A

Identifying fundamental behavioral domains that span multiple disorders that are relevant to our basic science understanding of them (i.e., genetics, neurotransmitters, and neural circuits).

29
Q

What is the second goal of RDoC?

A

Determine the full range of variation, from normal to abnormal, among these fundamental behavioral domains, and determine how the combination of these behaviors can become mental disorders.

30
Q

What is the third goal of RDoC?

A

Develop reliable and valid measures for these fundamental behavioral domains for use in clinical diagnosis.

31
Q

What is the fourth goal of RDoC?

A

Integrate genetic, neurobiological, behavioral, and environmental influences that comprise mental disorders (i.e., developmental psychopathology).

32
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobes?

A

Integrate auditory, visual, and tactile signals.

33
Q

When do the the parietal lobes become mature by?

A

Age 16.

34
Q

What is the role of the corpus callosum?

A

Intelligence, consciousness, and self-awareness.

35
Q

When does the corpus callosum reach full maturity?

A

In the 20s.

36
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobes?

A

Emotional maturity.

37
Q

When are the temporal lobes still developing?

A

After age 16.

38
Q

What is the HPA axis?

A

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

39
Q

What does the HPA axis do?

A

Regulates stress/cortisol regulation.

40
Q

What is the role of the basal ganglia?

A

It regulates, organized, and filter information related to cognition, emotions, mood, and motor function.

41
Q

What disorders are the basal ganglia linked to? (3)

A
  1. ADHD. 2. Disorders affecting motor behavior, such as tics and tremors. 3. OCD.
42
Q

What is behavioral genetics?

A

A branch of genetics that investigates possible connections between a genetic predisposition and observed behavior, taking into account environmental and genetic influences.

43
Q

What is the role of the reticular activating system (RAS)?

A

The processing of arousal and tension.

44
Q

Where is the reticular activating system (RAS) located?

A

In the midbrain.

45
Q

Where is the limbic system located?

A

At the base of the forebrain.

46
Q

What structures are located inside the limbic system? (4)

A
  1. Hippocampus. 2. Cingulate gyrus. 3. Septum. 4. Amygdala.
47
Q

What are the roles of the limbic system? (3)

A
  1. Learning and impulse control. 2. Regulating emotional experiences and expressions. 3. Regulating basic drives of sex, aggression, hunger, and thirst.
48
Q

What are the roles of the hindbrain?

A

Regulation of heartbeat, and digestion, and the cerebellum controls motor coordination.

49
Q

Where is the hindbrain located?

A

At the lowest part of the brain stem.

50
Q

What structures are in the hindbrain? (3)

A
  1. Medulla. 2. Pons. 3. Cerebellum.
51
Q

What structure is included in the basal ganglia?

A

The caudate nucleus.

52
Q

What is the cheif role of the left hemisphere?

A

Chief role in verbal and other cognitive processes.

53
Q

What is the chief role of the right hemisphere?

A

Better than left at social perception and creativity.

54
Q

What structures are located in the diencephalon?

A

The thalamus and hypothalamus.

55
Q

Where is the diencephalon located?

A

Below the forebrain, at the top of the brain stem.

56
Q

What do the thalamus and hypothalamus (the diencephalon) do? (2)

A
  1. Regulate behavior and emotion. 2. Relay system between the forebrain and the lower areas of the brain.
57
Q

What is a fundamental behavioral domain?

A

Human behavioral functions that the brain carries out; we all can do these things to a certain degree ex. negative valence systems.

58
Q

What are the five fundamental behavioral domains?

A
  1. Negative valence systems. 2. Positive valence systems. 3. Cognitive systems. 4. Systems for social processes. 5. Arousal and regulatory systems.
59
Q

What is the negative valence system domain responsible for?

A

For responses to aversive situations or context, such as fear, anxiety, and loss.

60
Q

What is the positive valence systems domain responsible for?

A

For responses to positive motivational situations or contexts, such as reward seeking, consummatory behavior, and reward/habit learning.

61
Q

What is the cognitive systems domain responsible for?

A

Responsible for various cognitive processes.

62
Q

What are the systems for social processes domain responsible for?

A

Mediating responses to interpersonal settings of various types, including perception and interpretation of others’ actions.

63
Q

What is the arousal and regulatory systems domain responsible for?

A

For generating activation of neural systems as appropriate for various contexts, and providing appropriate homeostatic regulation of such systems as energy balance and sleep.

Child Psychopathology (14 decks)

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