Eating Disorders

Question 1

What temperament traits are associated with eating disorders? (5)

Answer 1

1. Obsessive behaviors (control, order, symmetry). 2. Harm avoidance. 3. Perfectionism. 4. Negative emotionality. 5. High punishment tolerance.

Question 2

How are genes related to the development of an eating disorder?

Answer 2

When a first degree relative is related, there is a 10 fold increase in developing anorexia.

Question 3

How is dopamine related to the development of an eating disorder?

Answer 3

Higher dopamine receptor availability in striatum. They need more to feel reward.

Question 4

What is the hypothesis surrounding dopamine in the development of eating disorders?

Answer 4

Restricting behaviors are rewarding.

Question 5

How is serotonin related to the development of an eating disorder?

Answer 5

Increased serotonin receptor availability in the amygdala and temporal-frontal cortex.

Question 6

What is the hypothesis related to serotonin in the development of an eating disorder?

Answer 6

Restricting behaviors may reduce anxiety.

Question 7

What may be related to harm avoidance behaviors?

Answer 7

Altered serotonin receptor availability.

Question 8

Does media effect body dissatisfaction, internalization, and eating disorder behaviors?

Answer 8

Yes, but the effect size is small.

Question 9

The effects on dissatisfaction, internalization, and eating disorder behaviors were found mainly in what population?

Answer 9

Young adults (19-32).

Question 10

What was associated with dissatisfaction, internalization, and eating disorder behaviors?

Answer 10

Peer conversations about appearance.

Question 11

What are stereotypes?

Answer 11

Beliefs that the public forms about a marked group.

Question 12

What is prejudice?

Answer 12

Negative beliefs about a stereotype.

Question 13

What is discrimination?

Answer 13

Negative action against an out-group.

Question 14

How heritable is obesity?

Answer 14

50-60%

Question 15

What may be a neurological and psychological cause of obesity?

Answer 15

Disruptions to reward pathway, similar to addiction/substance-use disorder. Lack of self control.

Question 16

What psychological factors is being researched to develop treatments for eating disorders?

Answer 16

Altered reward processing/emotion regulation control.

Question 17

What are the two most common outpatient treatments?

Answer 17

1. CBT. 2. SSRIs.

Question 18

How prevalent is anorexia nervosa?

Answer 18

About .3%.

Question 19

How prevalent is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 19

About 1%.

Question 20

What is a binge eating episode? (2)

Answer 20

1. Eating, in a discrete period of time, an amount of food that is definitely larger than what most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances. 2. A sense of lack of control.

Question 21

What are the sub-types of anorexia nervosa?

Answer 21

1. Restricting type. 2. Binge-eating/purging type.

Question 22

What is the restricting sub-type of anorexia?

Answer 22

Weight loss primarily achieved through dieting, fasting, and/or excessive exercise. No binging or purging.

Question 23

What is the binge eating/purging sub-type of anorexia?

Answer 23

Having episodes of binge eating or purging behaviors.