Trauma Flashcards
What are risk factors for hip fractures?
- Osteoporosis
- Smoking
- Malnutrition
- Excess alcohol
- Low BMI
A fracture between the femoral head and occurring in the femoral neck is known as what?
- an intra-capsular femoral fracture
A fracture occurring distal to the femoral neck is know as
- extra-capsular femoral fracture
What type of femoral hip fracture is at greatest risk for avascular necrosis?
- intra-capsular
What are the 3 blood supplies to femoral head?
- intramedullary artery
- medial and lateral circumflex
- artery of ligamentum teres
What would be the physical symptoms of a hip fracture?
- unable to weight bear
- limb may be shorter and externally rotated if displaced
What it the name for the ‘normal’ curve of the femur and acetabulum on x-ray?
- Shenton’s line
What are the treatment options for an intracapsular fracture of the femur?
- Total hip replacement
- compression hip screw
- arthroplasty
What are the treatment options for an extracapsular fracture of the femur?
- Dynamic hip screw
- transmedullary nail
What is the initial treatment of an open fracture?
- Antibiotics within 3 hours
- IV co-amoxiclav
What is the treatment of choice for compartment syndrome?
- fasciotomy
What classification is used for fractures of the fibula?
- Weber classification
Weber B fracture refers to what?
- Fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis
What is a complication of a tibia shaft fracture?
- open
- compartment syndrome
Schatzker classification is used for what?
- tibial plateau fracture
Femoral shaft fracture is associated with what?
- significant blood loss
What treatment is used for a femoral shaft fracture?
- Thomas’ splint
- IM nail
Distal radius fracture occurs after what type of injury?
- FOOSH
- fall on outstretched hand
Humeral shaft fracture may cause neurovascular injury to which nerve?
- Radial nerve
What is the most common shoulder dislocation
- anterior
What nerve must be assessed after a shoulder dislocation?
- axillary nerve
Interphalangeal joint dislocations are almost always ___anterior/posterior___
- posterior
Patella dislocations are most commonly _____
- lateral
What might be seen on examination of a patella dislocation?
- pain medially
- effusion
- apprehension test
What is concerning about a knee dislocation?
- popliteal artery and vein injury
- peroneal nerve injury damage
Management of a knee dislocation?
- reduction under sedation
- theatre reduction
- stabilise and splint
Hip dislocations may be a result of?
- RTA
- high velocity injury
Hip dislocations are most commonly_____
- posterior
What would be the presentation of a hip dislocation?
- shortened limb
- flexed
- internally rotated
- adducted knee
What are the 2 most common complications of hip dislocation?
- sciatic nerve palsy
- avascular necrosis
What is the physis?
- growth plate
Why are children more likely to experience a greenstick fracture?
- Thicker periosteum
- incomplete fracture
What may be a red flag for NAI?
- inconsistency in history
- injury doesn’t match history
- children under 2 with a fracture
- previous injuries
- delay in treatment
What does HEID stand for?
- History
- Examination
- Investigation
- Diagnosis
How might you assess the radial nerve in a child?
- thumbs up
How might you asses the median nerve in a child?
- ok sign
How might you assess the ulnar nerve in a child?
- starfish
What are the 3 Rs for fracture management?
- Reduce
- Retain
- Rehabilitate
What displaces fractures
- Muscle action
- Gravity
Treatment of a diaphyseal fracture?
- joint above and below immobilised
- prevents rotation
Treatment of a metaphyseal fracture?
- adjacent joint immobilised
Growth plate fracture classification?
- Salter Harris classification
