Histology

Question 1

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 1

located on bone surfaces, for example under the periosteum, these cells serve as a pool of reserve osteoblasts

Question 2

Osteoblasts

Answer 2

bone forming cells found on the surface of developing bone. They have plentiful RER and prominent mitochondria.

Question 3

Osteocytes

Answer 3

a bone cell trapped within the bone matrix.

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

large (up to 40µm or more) multinucleated cells. They are found on the surface of bone and are responsible for bone resorption.

Question 5

Explain the histology of skeletal muscle cells?

Answer 5

• striated
• multinucleate (periphery)
• unbranched

Question 6

Explain fascicles

Answer 6

• groups of skeletal muscle fibres

- covered by perimysin

Question 7

What is epimysium

Answer 7

• connective tissue that surrounds the muscle

Question 8

What is perimysium

Answer 8

• connective tissue around a single fascicle

Question 9

What is Endomysium

Answer 9

-connective tissue that surrounds each muscle cell

Question 10

Myofibrils are ___cellular

Answer 10

• intracellular

Question 11

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 11

• Contractile elements of striated cells

- extended from one Z-line to another Z-Line

Question 12

What are z-lines

Answer 12

• Anchors actin

Question 13

What are m-lines

Answer 13

• Anchors myosin

Question 14

What gives skeletal muscles it striated appearance?

Answer 14

• myofibrils z-lines held in registry

- perpendicular to the long axis

Question 15

What is a motor unit?

Answer 15

• consist of one motor neurone and all the muscle fibres that it innervates

Question 16

Describe type I muscle?

Answer 16

• relatively slow contracting fibres

- depend on oxidative metabolism

Question 17

What colour are type I muscle cells?

Answer 17

• Red

Question 18

What colour are type IIB muscle cells?

Answer 18

• white

- dependant on anaerobic metabolism

Question 19

Describe histological appearance of cartilage

Answer 19

• semi-rigid
• permeable
• avascular

Question 20

How does cartilage receive its nutrients?

Answer 20

• neighbouring vessels, nutrients enter through the extracellular matrix via diffusion

Question 21

What colour does elastic cartilage appear?

Answer 21

• yellow

Question 22

What colour is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 22

• Blue/white

Question 23

Name given to the outer shell of dense cortical of bone?

Answer 23

• diaphysis

Question 24

Name given to the cancellous or trabecular bone?

Answer 24

• epiphyses

Question 25

How is bone created?

Answer 25

• osteoblasts secrete different materials and osteoid

- this osteoid then becomes mineralised to produce bone