Bone tumours Flashcards
Osteo prefix means
- Bone
Chondro prefix means
- cartilage
Sarco prefix means
- soft tissue
Sarcoma prefix means
- malignancy of bone/soft tissue
What is the commonest primary bone tumour?
- multiple myeloma
A primary bone tumour that causes bone formation?
- osteosarcoma
A primary bone tumour that causes cartilage formation?
- Chondrosarcoma
A primary tumour that causes bone destruction?
- Ewing’s sarcoma
What are the 5 main secondary metastatic bone cancers?
- Breast
- Lung
- Thyroid
- Kidney
- Prostate
Paget’s disease is characterised by what?
- bone remodelling
What are some red flags for primary bone cancer?
- young patient
- persistent well localised bone pain
- pain worse at night
- palpable mas
- swelling and erythema
What is used in the diagnosis and staging of bone cancer?
- Plain radiographs
- CT
- MRI
- Bone scan
Neoadjuvant is given __before/after__ surgery
Before
What is the most common primary sarcoma of bone?
- Osteosarcoma
Where does osteosarcoma usually affect?
- distal femur
- proximal tibia
- knee
What is the treatment of an osteosarcoma?
- chemo and limb salvage
What age group does Ewing’s sarcoma affect?
- ages 5-25
What are the symptoms of Ewing’s sarcoma?
- fever
- raised inflammatory markers
- warm swelling
What is the treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma?
- chemo with limb salvage
Where does Ewing’s sarcoma normally affect?
- Diaphysis of long bones
Explain chondrosarcoma
- malignancy of chondrocytes
- cartilage producing
What are the symptoms of chondrosarcoma?
- back pain
- sciatica
- bladder symptoms
Common sites for chondrosarcoma?
- Pelvis
- proximal and distal femur
Explain myeloma
- malignant clonal proliferation of abnormal plasma cells which arise from bone marrow
Symptoms of myeloma?
- weakness
- back pain
- weight loss
Investigations for myeloma?
- plasma protein electrophoresis
- early morning urine
Osteoid osteoma may appear as what on x-ray?
- Little O shapes
Treatment of osteoid osteoma?
- radio frequency ablation
Bony pain, worse at night, relieved by aspirin may be?
- osteoid osteoma
Osteoid osteoma is __benign/malignant__
- benign
What is the commonest benign bone tumour?
- osteochondroma
How might a osteochondroma appear?
- bony outgrowth on the external surface of bone
- surrounded by a cartilaginous cap
Where does osteochondroma usually affect?
- epiphysis of long bone
- around the knee
