Transport systems plants

Question 1

What are the plant organs?

Answer 1

Roots Stems Leaves

Question 2

A leaf structure diagram contains…

Answer 2

Upper Epidermis Palisade Mesophyll Spongy Mesophyll Vein (consisting of xylem and phloem) Lower Epidermis Guard Cells Stomata

Question 3

What are the Xylem vessels and what is their function?

Answer 3

They are dead cells, and are used to transport water and dissolved solutes

Question 4

What is Phloem and what is it’s function?

Answer 4

It’s made of living cells, and it transports sugars

Question 5

How do water and minerals move through the plant?

Answer 5

Water and minerals enter the plant through the root hairs and are transported in dead Xylem vessels (via osmosis) , to the stem and leaves for transpiration

Question 6

Structure of the Xylem vessels

Answer 6

Thick, cellulose cell walls strengthened by lignin rings

(to withstand the pressure changes as water moves through the plant)

Question 7

How does water travel to the Xylem vessels?

Answer 7

Via Root Cells which are covered in hairs to increase the surface area and therefore increase the speed at which water can be transported into the roots

Question 8

Structure of the Phloem Tissue

Answer 8

• Living cells(called seive cells) with end walls that have pores.
• Companion cells provide the energy for the sieve cells.

Question 9

The process of Transpiration

Answer 9

The loss of water from leaves by evaporation through the stomata.

Question 10

What effects the rate of Transpiration?

Answer 10

Wind Speed - Increase the rate

Humidity - Decrease the rate

Higher Temperature - Increases the rate

Big Surface Area - Increases the rate

Question 11

Features of leaves?

Answer 11

Large surface area

Thin

Thin waxy cuticle

Thin transparent epidermis.

Question 12

Function of large surface feature in leaves.

Answer 12

Maximise light absorption

Question 13

Function of a thin leaf

Answer 13

Short distance for carbon dioxide to diffuse into leaf cells

Question 14

Function of thin waxy cuticles

Answer 14

Protects the leaves without blocking out light

Question 15

Function of Thin transparent epidermis

Answer 15

Allows light to reach the palisade mesophyll cells

Question 16

What apparatus is used to investigate the rate of transpiration.

Answer 16

Potometer

Question 17

The transpiration steam is important because:

Answer 17

-It carries water for photosynthesis to the mesophyll cells: the upper layer of cells where photosynthesis mostly takes place in the leaves.

The water carries essential mineral salts dissolved in solution

Question 18

Water taken up by the roots of a plant is transported through a plant to the leaves where some of it passes into the air. The stages of the process are:

Answer 18

Soil to xylem Xylem to leaf to air

Question 19

Stages of soil to xylem

Answer 19

1. Water enters root hair cells 2. Water moves from cell to cell through the root cortex by osmosis down a concentration gradient 3. centre of the root the water enters the xylem vessels (vein-like tissues that transport water and minerals up a plant)

Question 20

Xylem to plant to air

Answer 20

1. Water moves from the xylem vessels into the mesophyll cells where it can be used for photosynthesis.
2. Some of the water evaporates into the surrounding air spaces inside the leaf and then diffuses out through the stomata into the surrounding air.

Question 21

Name the diagram

Answer 21

Question 22

The structure of a leaf has adaptations so that it can carry out photosynthesis effectively.

A leaf needs:

Answer 22

a way to transport water to the leaf, and glucose to other parts of the plant(xylem and phloem)

a way to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen(stomata)

the ability to absorb light energy efficiently(palisade mesophyll)

Question 23

What are the pores for in the end walls in phloem

Answer 23

To transport sugar from cell to cell.