Transport Systems - Animals

Question 1

What is blood made up of?

Answer 1

Red Blood Cells

White Blood Cells

Platelets (aid in blood clotting)

Plasma

Question 2

What is the function of the Red Blood Cells, and what adaptions do they have to meet these functions?

Answer 2

-To transport oxygen around the body -They have no nucleus so they can carry more haemoglobin (which binds to oxygen) -They have a bio-concave shape so they have a bigger surface area for oxygen to pass through

Question 3

What is the oxygen-saturated haemoglobin called and what is the word equation?

Answer 3

Oxyhaemoglobin Oxygen + haemoglobin —>oxyhaemoglobin

Question 4

What are Pathogens?

Answer 4

Disease-causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi)

Question 5

What exactly do White Blood Cells do?

Answer 5

-They are part of the immune system -They are involved in detecting and destroying pathogens.

Question 6

What are the two types of White Blood Cells?

Answer 6

Phagocytes Lymphocytes

Question 7

What do Phagocytes do?

Answer 7

They carry out Phagocytosis by engulfing , breaking down, and digesting pathogens.

Question 8

What do Lymphocytes do?

Answer 8

-They produce antibody proteins which destroy pathogens. -Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen. Antibodies attach to pathogens with a complementary shape and attract phagocytes to come to engulf and digest the pathogen

Question 9

Each antibody is…

Answer 9

Specific to a particular pathogen

Question 10

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 10

Right Atria Right Ventricle Left Aria Left Ventricle

Question 11

What is the path blood takes in the body?

Answer 11

-Deoxygenated blood coming from the body flows through the vena cava into the right atrium and down into the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. -The blood is oxygenated in the lungs and flows back to the heart in the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium and down into the left ventricle where it is pushed up and out of the aorta to the body.

Question 12

Function of Aorta (Artery)

Answer 12

Transports blood from the Left Ventricle to the Body Tissues (Oxygenated)

Question 13

Function of Vena cava (Vein)

Answer 13

Transports blood from the Body Tissues to the Right Atrium (Deoxygenated)

Question 14

Function of Pulmonary artery (Artery)

Answer 14

Carries blood from the Right Ventricle to the Lungs (Deoxygenated)

Question 15

Function of Pulmonary vein (Vein)

Answer 15

Carries blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium (Oxygenated)

Question 16

Function of Coronary Artery (Artery)

Answer 16

Carries blood from the Aorta to the Cardiac Tissue

Question 17

Function of Coronary Vein (Vein)

Answer 17

Carries blood from the Cardiac Tissue to the Vena Cava (Deoxygenated)

Question 18

All Arteries carry Oxygenated blood except…

Answer 18

The Pulmonary Artery

Question 19

Blood flows away from the heart in —called — and through — in the tissues and back to the — through —

Answer 19

Blood flows away from the heart in BLOOD VESSELS called ARTERIES and through CAPILLARIES in the tissues and back to the HEART through VEINS

Question 20

What are haemoglobins?

Answer 20

Haemoglobin binds with oxygen in body locations where the oxygen concentration is high (in the lungs) and forms oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 21

Function of arteries

Answer 21

take blood away from the heart to the organs and other body tissues

Question 22

Function of veins

Answer 22

carry blood under low pressure from the capillaries and return the blood to the heart

Question 23

Function of capillaries

Answer 23

tiny, thin walled vessels that form a network to take blood through the organs and other body tissues.

Question 24

Structure of arteries

Answer 24

1. have a narrow internal diameter and thick muscular walls 2. allows them to carry blood that is at a high pressure.

Question 25

Structure of capillaries

Answer 25

1. dense networks of capillaries present a large surface area 2. allows materials to be exchanged between body cells and the blood rapidl

Question 26

Structure of veins

Answer 26

1. have thinner muscular walls than arteries and have a wider internal diameter 2. contain valves to prevent the backflow of low-pressure blood.

Question 27

How are the four chambers of the hear seperated?

Answer 27

By valves

Question 28

What type of blood does the right hand side of the heart pump

Answer 28

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 29

What type of blood does the left hand side of the heart pump?

Answer 29

Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body

Question 30

What is blood plasma?

Answer 30

Liquid part of blood that carries substances like sugar, carbon dioxide,amino acids, salts, vitamins, proteins, water and urea (not oxygen)