Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards
What is blood made up of?
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets (aid in blood clotting)
Plasma
What is the function of the Red Blood Cells, and what adaptions do they have to meet these functions?
-To transport oxygen around the body -They have no nucleus so they can carry more haemoglobin (which binds to oxygen) -They have a bio-concave shape so they have a bigger surface area for oxygen to pass through
What is the oxygen-saturated haemoglobin called and what is the word equation?
Oxyhaemoglobin Oxygen + haemoglobin —>oxyhaemoglobin
What are Pathogens?
Disease-causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi)
What exactly do White Blood Cells do?
-They are part of the immune system -They are involved in detecting and destroying pathogens.
What are the two types of White Blood Cells?
Phagocytes Lymphocytes
What do Phagocytes do?
They carry out Phagocytosis by engulfing , breaking down, and digesting pathogens.
What do Lymphocytes do?
-They produce antibody proteins which destroy pathogens. -Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen. Antibodies attach to pathogens with a complementary shape and attract phagocytes to come to engulf and digest the pathogen
Each antibody is…
Specific to a particular pathogen
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right Atria Right Ventricle Left Aria Left Ventricle
What is the path blood takes in the body?
-Deoxygenated blood coming from the body flows through the vena cava into the right atrium and down into the right ventricle where it is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. -The blood is oxygenated in the lungs and flows back to the heart in the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium and down into the left ventricle where it is pushed up and out of the aorta to the body.
Function of Aorta (Artery)
Transports blood from the Left Ventricle to the Body Tissues (Oxygenated)
Function of Vena cava (Vein)
Transports blood from the Body Tissues to the Right Atrium (Deoxygenated)
Function of Pulmonary artery (Artery)
Carries blood from the Right Ventricle to the Lungs (Deoxygenated)
Function of Pulmonary vein (Vein)
Carries blood from the lungs to the Left Atrium (Oxygenated)
Function of Coronary Artery (Artery)
Carries blood from the Aorta to the Cardiac Tissue
Function of Coronary Vein (Vein)
Carries blood from the Cardiac Tissue to the Vena Cava (Deoxygenated)
All Arteries carry Oxygenated blood except…
The Pulmonary Artery
Blood flows away from the heart in —called — and through — in the tissues and back to the — through —
Blood flows away from the heart in BLOOD VESSELS called ARTERIES and through CAPILLARIES in the tissues and back to the HEART through VEINS
What are haemoglobins?
Haemoglobin binds with oxygen in body locations where the oxygen concentration is high (in the lungs) and forms oxyhaemoglobin.
Function of arteries
take blood away from the heart to the organs and other body tissues
Function of veins
carry blood under low pressure from the capillaries and return the blood to the heart
Function of capillaries
tiny, thin walled vessels that form a network to take blood through the organs and other body tissues.
Structure of arteries
- have a narrow internal diameter and thick muscular walls 2. allows them to carry blood that is at a high pressure.
Structure of capillaries
- dense networks of capillaries present a large surface area 2. allows materials to be exchanged between body cells and the blood rapidl
Structure of veins
- have thinner muscular walls than arteries and have a wider internal diameter 2. contain valves to prevent the backflow of low-pressure blood.
How are the four chambers of the hear seperated?
By valves
What type of blood does the right hand side of the heart pump
Deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What type of blood does the left hand side of the heart pump?
Oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
What is blood plasma?
Liquid part of blood that carries substances like sugar, carbon dioxide,amino acids, salts, vitamins, proteins, water and urea (not oxygen)
