Proteins

Question 1

What does a catalyst do ?

Answer 1

A catalyst speeds up the rate of chemical reactions and remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Question 2

Since catalysts remain unchanged at the end of the reaction, what does this mean?

Answer 2

They can be used again

Question 3

What is a biological catalyst also known as?

Answer 3

enzymes

Question 4

How do biological catalysts speed up the rate of the reaction?

Answer 4

By lowering the energy input for a reaction to proceed.

Question 5

What is the substance that an enzyme acts on called?

Answer 5

substrate

Question 6

During the reaction, what is formed?

Answer 6

enzyme-substrate complex

Question 7

What is the substance left behind at the end of the reaction called?

Answer 7

product

Question 8

What is the substrate complementary to?

Answer 8

active site

Question 9

What determines the shape of the active site?

Answer 9

sequence of amino acids

Question 10

What happens to the shape of the enzyme when the substrate becomes bound to the active site?

Answer 10

changes shape, giving close fit between enzyme and substrate.

Question 11

What happens after the substrate becomes bound to the active site?

Answer 11

substrate is broken down into end products

Question 12

What happens to the shape of the enzyme once the end products have been released?.

Answer 12

returns back to original shape

Question 13

What is degradation

Answer 13

A breakdown reaction - when a chemical compound splits into smaller parts.

Question 14

What is synthesis

Answer 14

A build-up reaction - when two or more substances join together to form one product

Question 15

What enzyme is specific to starch

Answer 15

Amylase

Question 16

What are the products of the degradation of starch?

Answer 16

maltose

Question 17

What enzyme is specific to the substrate glucose-1-phosphate?

Answer 17

phosphorylase

Question 18

What type of reaction is there for glucose-1-phosphate using phosphorylase?

Answer 18

synthesis

Question 19

What are the products of the synthesis of glucose-1-phosphate?

Answer 19

starch

Question 20

What is the optimum temperature for the enzyme catalase ?

Answer 20

40’c

Question 21

What name is given when an enzymes active site has changed shape?

Answer 21

denatured

Question 22

Why might an enzyme become denatured?

Answer 22

At high temperatures once it has past its optimum.

Question 23

What does an enzyme have in terms of the effect of pH?

Answer 23

different working range

Question 24

How can we find the optimum pH for each enzyme?

Answer 24

In the middle of its working range

Question 25

What do most enzymes work best at?(pH)

Answer 25

pH 7

Question 26

What will happen to the enzyme if they are in a strong acid or alkali?

Answer 26

become denatured

Question 27

Name the diff types of proteins

Answer 27

Hormones
Emzymes
Structural
Antibodies

Question 28

Function and examples of hormones

Answer 28

Communication between different parts of the body.

Eg,insulin and glucagon

Question 29

Function and examples of enzymes

Answer 29

speed up cellular reactions at body temperature

Eg, ATPase and Cellulose synthase:

Question 30

Function and examples of structural proteins

Answer 30

Forms supporting frameworks inside cells

Eg,keratin and tubulin

Question 31

Function and examples antibodies

Answer 31

Part of the immune system. They are produced by white blood cells
Eg,millions of diff types

Question 32

Word equation for when liver cells produce the enzyme catalase to speed up the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide.

Answer 32

Hydrogen peroxide——>water + hydrogen

Catalase

Question 33

What is a active site

Answer 33

The part of an enzyme that one or more substrates molecules can attach to

Question 34

Three steps of degradation

Answer 34

1. substrate colides with active site of enzyme and becomes attached.
2. enzyme degrades substrate
3. products released from active site

Question 35

What is pepsin

Answer 35

Enzyme that breaks down proteins in the acidic conditions of the stomach

Question 36

Whats pepsins optimum and working range ph

Answer 36

optimum of pH 2.5 and a working range of between pH 1-4

Question 37

What is catalases optimum and working range ph

Answer 37

optimum pH of 9 and a working range of between pH 7-11.

Question 38

What type of reaction is there for starch using amylase?

Answer 38

Degradation