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Multicellular organisms > Producing new cells > Flashcards

Producing new cells Flashcards

1
Q

Whats the purpose of mitosis.

A

Provides new cells for growth
Repairs damaged tissues
Replaces dead or damaged cells
Maintains the diploid chromosome complement

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2
Q

Where can stem cells be found?

A

Obtained from the embryo at a very early stage

Tissue stem cells cane be found in the body throughout life

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3
Q

Structure and function of:palisade mesophyll

A

Lots of chloroplast

To absorb sunlight

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4
Q

Stage three of mitosis

A

Spindle fibres pull s pairs of chromatids apart to opposite sides(poles)of the cell

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5
Q

The cells in organs are….

A

Specialised for their function and work together to form systems

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6
Q

Stem cells in animals are…

A

Unspecialised cells which can divide to self-renew

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7
Q

Multicellular organisms have…… and are made up of …..

A

More than one cell type

Tissues and organs

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8
Q

What type of cells can tissue stem cells become?

A

Only a few different types of cells
(Skin stem cells can only become skin cells, blood stem cells can only become blood cells, blood cells cannot be skin cells)

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9
Q

Through what process can stem cells become specialised?

A

Cell differentiation

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10
Q

Stage two of mitosis

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

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11
Q

Structure and function of:cilated cell

A

Tiny hairs called celia

Sweeps mucus that trap dirt and dust to keep our airways clean.

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12
Q

Through differentiation, what type of cell can a blood stem cells turn into?

A

Red blood cell
White blood cell
Cells that form platelets

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13
Q

Structure and function of:red blood cell

A

Large surface area andno nucleus

Haemoglobin carries oxygen

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14
Q

What is the hierarchy?

A

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems

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15
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

A cell that had one set of chromosomes (sex cells)

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16
Q

Why do stem cells go through self-renewal?

A

Because if they dont and there are no stem cells present to produce cells to replace them, then part of a tissue or an organ may be permanently lost.

17
Q

Examples of specialised cells

A 
Cilated cell
Red blood cell
Nerve cell
Egg cell
Sperm cell
18
Q

Examples of unspecialised cells

A

Root hair cell

Palisade mesophyll cell

19
Q

What is a Chromatid?

A

The replicated copy of a chromosome

20
Q

What are spindle threads?

A

Protein threads that pull chromatids apart during mitosis

21
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

A cell that contains a double set of chromosomes

22
Q

Structure and function of:nerve cell

A

Longest cells in the body

Transmit electrical nerve impulses around the body.

23
Q

What is the equator?

A

The middle position of a cell where chromosome align and attach to spindle fibers in mitosis

24
Q

What are the two main types of stem cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells

Tissue stem cells

25
Q

What are specialised cells?

A

Cells that do a specific job in the body

26
Q

Structure and function of: sperm cell

A

Swims towards egg using tail

Has lots of mitochondria for energy

27
Q

What does specialization of cells lead to?

A

The formation of a variety of cells, tissues and organs doing different things (skin,blood)

28
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Division of the nucleus

A process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells

29
Q

Stage five of mitosis

A

Cytoplasm divides and 2 separate diploid cells are formed with genetically identical nuclei.

30
Q

Stem cells can become…

A

Different types of cells

31
Q

Stage four of mitosis

A

Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

32
Q

Structure and function of:egg cell

A

Large and contains a food store in the cytoplasm

Used to help embryo grow

33
Q

Function of stem cells?

A

Growth and repair

Repair tissue damage (cuts,broken bones)

34
Q

What are groups of organs called?

A

Systems

35
Q

What is the chromosome compliment?

A

The number of chromosomes found in a cell

36
Q

What type of cells can embroynic stem cells become?

A

Any of the different types of cells

37
Q

Stage one of mitosis

A

Chromosomes become visible

38
Q

Structure and function of: root hair cell

A

Large surface area and thin walls

Helps absorb lot’s of water

Multicellular organisms (21 decks)

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