Producing new cells

Question 1

Whats the purpose of mitosis.

Answer 1

Provides new cells for growth
Repairs damaged tissues
Replaces dead or damaged cells
Maintains the diploid chromosome complement

Question 2

Where can stem cells be found?

Answer 2

Obtained from the embryo at a very early stage

Tissue stem cells cane be found in the body throughout life

Question 3

Structure and function of:palisade mesophyll

Answer 3

Lots of chloroplast

To absorb sunlight

Question 4

Stage three of mitosis

Answer 4

Spindle fibres pull s pairs of chromatids apart to opposite sides(poles)of the cell

Question 5

The cells in organs are….

Answer 5

Specialised for their function and work together to form systems

Question 6

Stem cells in animals are…

Answer 6

Unspecialised cells which can divide to self-renew

Question 7

Multicellular organisms have…… and are made up of …..

Answer 7

More than one cell type

Tissues and organs

Question 8

What type of cells can tissue stem cells become?

Answer 8

Only a few different types of cells
(Skin stem cells can only become skin cells, blood stem cells can only become blood cells, blood cells cannot be skin cells)

Question 9

Through what process can stem cells become specialised?

Answer 9

Cell differentiation

Question 10

Stage two of mitosis

Answer 10

Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

Question 11

Structure and function of:cilated cell

Answer 11

Tiny hairs called celia

Sweeps mucus that trap dirt and dust to keep our airways clean.

Question 12

Through differentiation, what type of cell can a blood stem cells turn into?

Answer 12

Red blood cell
White blood cell
Cells that form platelets

Question 13

Structure and function of:red blood cell

Answer 13

Large surface area andno nucleus

Haemoglobin carries oxygen

Question 14

What is the hierarchy?

Answer 14

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems

Question 15

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 15

A cell that had one set of chromosomes (sex cells)

Question 16

Why do stem cells go through self-renewal?

Answer 16

Because if they dont and there are no stem cells present to produce cells to replace them, then part of a tissue or an organ may be permanently lost.

Question 17

Examples of specialised cells

Answer 17

Cilated cell
Red blood cell
Nerve cell
Egg cell
Sperm cell

Question 18

Examples of unspecialised cells

Answer 18

Root hair cell

Palisade mesophyll cell

Question 19

What is a Chromatid?

Answer 19

The replicated copy of a chromosome

Question 20

What are spindle threads?

Answer 20

Protein threads that pull chromatids apart during mitosis

Question 21

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 21

A cell that contains a double set of chromosomes

Question 22

Structure and function of:nerve cell

Answer 22

Longest cells in the body

Transmit electrical nerve impulses around the body.

Question 23

What is the equator?

Answer 23

The middle position of a cell where chromosome align and attach to spindle fibers in mitosis

Question 24

What are the two main types of stem cells?

Answer 24

Embryonic stem cells

Tissue stem cells

Question 25

What are specialised cells?

Answer 25

Cells that do a specific job in the body

Question 26

Structure and function of: sperm cell

Answer 26

Swims towards egg using tail | Has lots of mitochondria for energy

Question 27

What does specialization of cells lead to?

Answer 27

The formation of a variety of cells, tissues and organs doing different things (skin,blood)

Question 28

What is mitosis?

Answer 28

Division of the nucleus | A process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 29

Stage five of mitosis

Answer 29

Cytoplasm divides and 2 separate diploid cells are formed with genetically identical nuclei.

Question 30

Stem cells can become...

Answer 30

Different types of cells

Question 31

Stage four of mitosis

Answer 31

Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes

Question 32

Structure and function of:egg cell

Answer 32

Large and contains a food store in the cytoplasm | Used to help embryo grow

Question 33

Function of stem cells?

Answer 33

Growth and repair | Repair tissue damage (cuts,broken bones)

Question 34

What are groups of organs called?

Answer 34

Systems

Question 35

What is the chromosome compliment?

Answer 35

The number of chromosomes found in a cell

Question 36

What type of cells can embroynic stem cells become?

Answer 36

Any of the different types of cells

Question 37

Stage one of mitosis

Answer 37

Chromosomes become visible

Question 38

Structure and function of: root hair cell

Answer 38

Large surface area and thin walls | Helps absorb lot’s of water