Producing new cells Flashcards
Whats the purpose of mitosis.
Provides new cells for growth
Repairs damaged tissues
Replaces dead or damaged cells
Maintains the diploid chromosome complement
Where can stem cells be found?
Obtained from the embryo at a very early stage
Tissue stem cells cane be found in the body throughout life
Structure and function of:palisade mesophyll
Lots of chloroplast
To absorb sunlight
Stage three of mitosis
Spindle fibres pull s pairs of chromatids apart to opposite sides(poles)of the cell
The cells in organs are….
Specialised for their function and work together to form systems
Stem cells in animals are…
Unspecialised cells which can divide to self-renew
Multicellular organisms have…… and are made up of …..
More than one cell type
Tissues and organs
What type of cells can tissue stem cells become?
Only a few different types of cells
(Skin stem cells can only become skin cells, blood stem cells can only become blood cells, blood cells cannot be skin cells)
Through what process can stem cells become specialised?
Cell differentiation
Stage two of mitosis
Chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell
Structure and function of:cilated cell
Tiny hairs called celia
Sweeps mucus that trap dirt and dust to keep our airways clean.
Through differentiation, what type of cell can a blood stem cells turn into?
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Cells that form platelets
Structure and function of:red blood cell
Large surface area andno nucleus
Haemoglobin carries oxygen
What is the hierarchy?
Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Systems
What is a haploid cell?
A cell that had one set of chromosomes (sex cells)
Why do stem cells go through self-renewal?
Because if they dont and there are no stem cells present to produce cells to replace them, then part of a tissue or an organ may be permanently lost.
Examples of specialised cells
Cilated cell Red blood cell Nerve cell Egg cell Sperm cell
Examples of unspecialised cells
Root hair cell
Palisade mesophyll cell
What is a Chromatid?
The replicated copy of a chromosome
What are spindle threads?
Protein threads that pull chromatids apart during mitosis
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that contains a double set of chromosomes
Structure and function of:nerve cell
Longest cells in the body
Transmit electrical nerve impulses around the body.
What is the equator?
The middle position of a cell where chromosome align and attach to spindle fibers in mitosis
What are the two main types of stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells
Tissue stem cells
What are specialised cells?
Cells that do a specific job in the body
Structure and function of: sperm cell
Swims towards egg using tail
Has lots of mitochondria for energy
What does specialization of cells lead to?
The formation of a variety of cells, tissues and organs doing different things (skin,blood)
What is mitosis?
Division of the nucleus
A process of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells
Stage five of mitosis
Cytoplasm divides and 2 separate diploid cells are formed with genetically identical nuclei.
Stem cells can become…
Different types of cells
Stage four of mitosis
Nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
Structure and function of:egg cell
Large and contains a food store in the cytoplasm
Used to help embryo grow
Function of stem cells?
Growth and repair
Repair tissue damage (cuts,broken bones)
What are groups of organs called?
Systems
What is the chromosome compliment?
The number of chromosomes found in a cell
What type of cells can embroynic stem cells become?
Any of the different types of cells
Stage one of mitosis
Chromosomes become visible
Structure and function of: root hair cell
Large surface area and thin walls
Helps absorb lot’s of water
