Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards
Name the 3 main components of blood.
red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma
What is the function of red blood cells?
transport oxygen
State 4 ways that red blood cells are adapted to carry out their job.
- bi-concave shape
- no nucleus
- contain haemoglobin
- small and flexible
What is formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin?
oxyhaemoglobin
What do we call micro-organisms that enter the body and cause disease?
pathogens
Give 3 examples of pathogens.
- viruses
- bacteria
- fungi
Name the 2 main types of white blood cell.
- Phagocyte
2. Lymphocyte
Name the process that phagocytes carry out.
Phagocytosis
Describe phagocytosis.
Phagocyte engulfs and digests the pathogen.
Name the proteins made by lymphocytes that destroy pathogens.
antibodies
Why are many different types of antibodies required?
antibodies are specific to a particular pathogen
Name the top 2 chambers of the heart.
atria
Name the bottom 2 chambers of the heart.
ventricles
Where are the 4 valves in the heart.
a) between the atria and ventricles
b) between the ventricles and arteries
What is the function of the valves in the heart?
To keep the blood flowing in one direction
Where does blood travel to after the right atrium?
right ventricle
Where does blood travel to after the right ventricle?
the lungs
Name the blood vessel that carries blood to the lungs from the heart.
pulmonary artery
Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart.
pulmonary vein
Which chamber does the pulmonary vein bring blood into?
left atrium
Where does the blood travel to after the left atrium?
left ventricle
Where does the blood travel to after the left ventricle?
rest of the body
Name the blood vessel that transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
Aorta
Name the blood vessel that brings blood back to the heart from the rest of the body.
vena cava
Which chamber in the heart does blood travel back to from the body via the vena cava?
right atrium
Name the blood vessel that supplies the heart muscle with blood.
coronary artery
Which blood vessels carry blood Away from the heart?
Arteries
Which blood vessels carry blood back IN to the heart?
veIN
Which blood vessels have to cope with the highest blood pressure?
arteries
Which blood vessels have the largest central channel (lumen)?
veins
Which blood vessels contain valves?
veins
Which blood vessels allow the exchange of materials to take place?
capillaries
Give 2 reasons why capillaries are good at exchanging materials.
a) thin walls
b) large surface area
