Transport Systems - Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 main components of blood.

A

red blood cells, white blood cells and plasma

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2
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

transport oxygen

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3
Q

State 4 ways that red blood cells are adapted to carry out their job.

A
  1. bi-concave shape
  2. no nucleus
  3. contain haemoglobin
  4. small and flexible
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4
Q

What is formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin?

A

oxyhaemoglobin

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5
Q

What do we call micro-organisms that enter the body and cause disease?

A

pathogens

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6
Q

Give 3 examples of pathogens.

A
  1. viruses
  2. bacteria
  3. fungi
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7
Q

Name the 2 main types of white blood cell.

A
  1. Phagocyte

2. Lymphocyte

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8
Q

Name the process that phagocytes carry out.

A

Phagocytosis

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9
Q

Describe phagocytosis.

A

Phagocyte engulfs and digests the pathogen.

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10
Q

Name the proteins made by lymphocytes that destroy pathogens.

A

antibodies

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11
Q

Why are many different types of antibodies required?

A

antibodies are specific to a particular pathogen

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12
Q

Name the top 2 chambers of the heart.

A

atria

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13
Q

Name the bottom 2 chambers of the heart.

A

ventricles

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14
Q

Where are the 4 valves in the heart.

A

a) between the atria and ventricles

b) between the ventricles and arteries

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15
Q

What is the function of the valves in the heart?

A

To keep the blood flowing in one direction

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16
Q

Where does blood travel to after the right atrium?

A

right ventricle

17
Q

Where does blood travel to after the right ventricle?

18
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood to the lungs from the heart.

A

pulmonary artery

19
Q

Name the blood vessel that carries blood from the lungs to the heart.

A

pulmonary vein

20
Q

Which chamber does the pulmonary vein bring blood into?

A

left atrium

21
Q

Where does the blood travel to after the left atrium?

A

left ventricle

22
Q

Where does the blood travel to after the left ventricle?

A

rest of the body

23
Q

Name the blood vessel that transports blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.

24
Q

Name the blood vessel that brings blood back to the heart from the rest of the body.

25
Which chamber in the heart does blood travel back to from the body via the vena cava?
right atrium
26
Name the blood vessel that supplies the heart muscle with blood.
coronary artery
27
Which blood vessels carry blood Away from the heart?
Arteries
28
Which blood vessels carry blood back IN to the heart?
veIN
29
Which blood vessels have to cope with the highest blood pressure?
arteries
30
Which blood vessels have the largest central channel (lumen)?
veins
31
Which blood vessels contain valves?
veins
32
Which blood vessels allow the exchange of materials to take place?
capillaries
33
Give 2 reasons why capillaries are good at exchanging materials.
a) thin walls | b) large surface area