DNA & Proteins Flashcards
What are chromosomes ?
Thread-like structures containing many genes stored in the nucleus of cells.
Describe the structure of DNA?
Double helix with two strands held together by weak hydrogen bonds between the bases.
What are the base pairs described as?
specific/complementary base pairs
What pairs with adenine?
thymine
What pairs with cytosine ?
guanine
What pairs with thymine ?
adenine
What pairs with guanine ?
cytosine
What is the genetic code? (remember BAP)
- The order of DNA bases encodes information for the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
- The sequence of amino acids dictates the structure and function of these proteins.
What does mRNA carry?
a copy of the DNA genetic code from the nucleus into the cytoplasm of a cell.
What does the structure of DNA determine?
The mRNA sequence which codes for a particular amino acid which dictates the structure and function of a protein.
Name 4 types of proteins ?
Structural
Hormones
Defensive
Enzymes
What is the function of structural proteins?
Support the cell
What is the function of hormones?
Chemical messengers
What is the function of defensive proteins?
Protection against diseases
What is the function of enzymatic proteins?
Increase rate of chemical reactions
Give examples of structural proteins?
Keratin/Collagen
Give examples of hormones?
Insulin,growth hormone
What are amino acids
The building blocks that make up a protein molecule.
What are bases
sub-units of DNA and mRNA which make up the genetic code
What are nucleotides
Building blocks of dna
What makes nucleotides different
The base it has ,theres four different types of bases
Where is dna stored
The nucleus
Where are proteins assembled in fungal animal and plant cells?
Ribosomes
Where does the. mRNA travel to and from
From the nucleus to the cytoplasm
What is a gene?
Section of dna that codes for protein
