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Biology > Transport system- Animal > Flashcards

Transport system- Animal Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does blood contain?

A

Red blood cells, White blood cells, Plasma, platelets

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2
Q

What nutrient does plasma carry that is essential for respiration?

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

What nutrient does plasma carry that is essential to make proteins?

A

Amino acids

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4
Q

How are red blood cells specialised?

A

Biconcave in shape. Have no nucleus, Contain haemoglobin

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5
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen round the body

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6
Q

What happens when haemoglobin combines with oxygen?

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

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7
Q

Where does haemoglobin combine with oxygen?

A

in the lungs

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8
Q

What system are white blood cells part of?

A

Immune system

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9
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Destroy pathogens

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of white blood cells?

A

Phagocytes, lymphocytes

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11
Q

What is the process where phagocytes destroy pathogens?

A

Phagocytosis

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12
Q

how to phagocytes destroy pathogens?

A

by engulfing them

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13
Q

What type of response is phagocytosis a part of

A

non specific immune response

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14
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

A type of white blood cell that produces antibodies to attack specific pathogens

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15
Q

What does specific in terms of antibodies mean?

A

Each antibody can act on only one type of pathogen

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16
Q

How do antibody molecules help to destroy invading pathogens?

A

Antibodies bind to the pathogen forming clumps which are later digested by phagocytes

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17
Q

What is the liquid part of the blood called?

A

Plasma

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18
Q

Explain why carbon dioxide will diffuse out of muscle cells into the blood during exercise.

A

There is a higher concentration of co2 in the cells compared to the blood. It diffuses down a concentration gradient

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19
Q

What is the function of a heart?

A

To pump blood round the body

20
Q

How many chambers are in the heart?

A

4

21
Q

What happens on the right side of the heart?

A

Deoxygenated blood flows on the right side of the heart to the lungs to absorb oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide

22
Q

What happens on the left side of the heart?

A

Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs to the left side of the heart

23
Q

what is the function of valves?

A

To prevent the backflow of blood and ensure blood only flows in one direction through the heart

24
Q

What does a pulse indicate?

A

That blood is being pumped through the arteries

25
Q

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to ?

A

into aorta

26
Q

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

A

the pulmonary artery

27
Q

Name the blood vessel that supplies the heart muscle with glucose and oxygen?

A

coronary arteries

28
Q

What is the blood vessel that carries away the waste products from the heart muscle cells?

A

coronary vein

29
Q

What is the function of an artery?

A

carry blood away from the heart

30
Q

What type of wall does an artery have and why?

A

have a thick muscular wall to enable them to carry blood at high pressure

31
Q

What type of blood does an artery carry?

A

oxygenated

32
Q

What artery does not carry oxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary artery

33
Q

What is the function of a vein?

A

carry blood back to visit the heart

34
Q

What type of blood does a vein carry?

A

deoxygenated

35
Q

What type of vein does not carry deoxygenated blood?

A

pulmonary vein

36
Q

What are two similarities and two differences between arteries and veins?

A

arteries have a narrow channel with blood at high pressure. Veins have a wide channel with blood at low pressure.

37
Q

What is the function of a capillary?

A

to join arteries to veins

38
Q

What type of wall does a capillary have and why?

A

very thin walls to allow fast diffusion of molecules

39
Q

where does haemoglobin combine with oxygen and why

A

in the lungs because the oxygen concentration is high

40
Q

Where does haemoglobin release the oxygen?

A

Into respiring cells when the oxygen concentration of the surroundings is low

41
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

destroy pathogens

42
Q

What is the response where antibodies are produces by lymphocytes ?

A

specific immune reponse

43
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The main artery which carries blood away from the heart

44
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

Artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

45
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

Vein that carries oxygenated blood form the lungs to the heart

46
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart from the body

47
Q

What is the blood vessel which supplies the heart muscle with blood?

A

Coronary artery

Biology (22 decks)

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