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Biology > Control and Communication > Flashcards

Control and Communication Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the function of a cerebrum?

A

Site of conscious thought, memory, personality and reasoning

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2
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Controls balance and muscle co-ordination

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3
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

Controls breathing and heart rate

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4
Q

What are the parts of the human nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, Nerve

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5
Q

What are the parts of the central nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord

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6
Q

What type of neuron carries electrical impulses from the sense organs to the CNS?

A

Sensory neuron

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7
Q

What type of neuron carries electrical impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands?

A

Motor neuron

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8
Q

What is a synapse?

A

A gap between neuron

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9
Q

What happens at a synapse?

A

Chemicals transfer messages from one neuron to another causing the message to continue

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10
Q

What is the function of nerve cells?

A

To carry electrical impulses from the senses to the CNS and to carry electrical impulses from the CNS to muscles/glands so muscles can respond with movement or glands to produce hormones

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11
Q

What is the function of a sensory nerve?

A

Carries electrical impulses from sense organs to the CNS

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12
Q

What is the function of the inter nerve?

A

Carries electrical impulses from the sensory nerve to the motor nerve

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13
Q

What is the function the the motor nerve

A

Carries electrical impulses from the CNS to muscles

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14
Q

What is a reflex action?

A

A very rapid response which protects the body from danger

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15
Q

What are examples of reflexes?

A

blinking, sneezing, knee jerk

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16
Q

Is a reflex a conscious decision?

A

No a reflex action does not involve the brain as no conscious decision is amde the information goes to the spinal cord and back which is faster as it bypasses the brain

17
Q

What is the function of a reflex arc?

A

To protect the body from danger

18
Q

What three neurons are involved in the reflex arc?

A

Sensory, inter, motor

19
Q

Name the steps of a reflex action

A

1.Receptors detect stimuli/sensory input 2.electrical impulses are sent along sensory nerve 3. chemicals transfer these messages across synapse 4. electrical impulses are sent along inter nerve 5.3. 6. electrical impulses are carried along motor nerve 7. effector brings about a response e.g muscles contract or glands secrete hormones

20
Q

What is an automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus?

A

Reflex action

21
Q

What is the nerve found in the spinal cord which carries electrical impulses?

A

Inter nerve

22
Q

What are carried as electrical impulses along neurons?

A

messages

23
Q

During reflex action receptors in sense organ send electrical impulses along this nerve?

A

Sensory nerve

24
Q

During reflex action electrical impulses are sent along this nerve which results in muscles contracting?

A

Motor nerve

25
Q

What are hormones?

A

Proteins that act as chemical messengers

26
Q

How do hormones travel?

A

through the bloodstream

27
Q

How are receptor proteins specific to hormones so only that tissue will be affected by the specific hormone?

A

The shape of the hormone is complemetary to the shape of the receptor protein.

28
Q

What type of glands release hormones into the bloodstream?

A

Endocrine glands

29
Q

What organ monitors the blood glucose levels?

A

Pancreas

30
Q

What hormones does the pancreas release which affect the liver?

A

Insulin and glucagon

31
Q

When is insulin relased?

A

When the blood sugar levels are too high

32
Q

When is glucagon released?

A

When the blood sgar levels are too low

33
Q

What happens when blood sugar levels are too low?

A

Glucagon is released from the pancreas, glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, this continues until blood glucose levels return to normal

34
Q

What happens when blood sugar levels are too high?

A

Insulin is released from the pancreas, insulin stimulates the liver to convert excess glucose to glycogen, this continues until the blood glucose levels return to normal

35
Q

Describe two features of hormones

A

I the shape of the hormone is complementary to the shape of the receptor protein
They are chemical messengers

36
Q

Name the storage carbohydrate into which glucose is converted

A

glycogen

37
Q

state one function of an endocrine gland

A

secretes hormones into the bloodstream

38
Q
A

Biology (22 decks)

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