Control and Communication Flashcards
What is the function of a cerebrum?
Site of conscious thought, memory, personality and reasoning
What is the function of the cerebellum?
Controls balance and muscle co-ordination
What is the function of the medulla?
Controls breathing and heart rate
What are the parts of the human nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, Nerve
What are the parts of the central nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord
What type of neuron carries electrical impulses from the sense organs to the CNS?
Sensory neuron
What type of neuron carries electrical impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands?
Motor neuron
What is a synapse?
A gap between neuron
What happens at a synapse?
Chemicals transfer messages from one neuron to another causing the message to continue
What is the function of nerve cells?
To carry electrical impulses from the senses to the CNS and to carry electrical impulses from the CNS to muscles/glands so muscles can respond with movement or glands to produce hormones
What is the function of a sensory nerve?
Carries electrical impulses from sense organs to the CNS
What is the function of the inter nerve?
Carries electrical impulses from the sensory nerve to the motor nerve
What is the function the the motor nerve
Carries electrical impulses from the CNS to muscles
What is a reflex action?
A very rapid response which protects the body from danger
What are examples of reflexes?
blinking, sneezing, knee jerk
Is a reflex a conscious decision?
No a reflex action does not involve the brain as no conscious decision is amde the information goes to the spinal cord and back which is faster as it bypasses the brain
What is the function of a reflex arc?
To protect the body from danger
What three neurons are involved in the reflex arc?
Sensory, inter, motor
Name the steps of a reflex action
1.Receptors detect stimuli/sensory input 2.electrical impulses are sent along sensory nerve 3. chemicals transfer these messages across synapse 4. electrical impulses are sent along inter nerve 5.3. 6. electrical impulses are carried along motor nerve 7. effector brings about a response e.g muscles contract or glands secrete hormones
What is an automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus?
Reflex action
What is the nerve found in the spinal cord which carries electrical impulses?
Inter nerve
What are carried as electrical impulses along neurons?
messages
During reflex action receptors in sense organ send electrical impulses along this nerve?
Sensory nerve
During reflex action electrical impulses are sent along this nerve which results in muscles contracting?
Motor nerve
What are hormones?
Proteins that act as chemical messengers
How do hormones travel?
through the bloodstream
How are receptor proteins specific to hormones so only that tissue will be affected by the specific hormone?
The shape of the hormone is complemetary to the shape of the receptor protein.
What type of glands release hormones into the bloodstream?
Endocrine glands
What organ monitors the blood glucose levels?
Pancreas
What hormones does the pancreas release which affect the liver?
Insulin and glucagon
When is insulin relased?
When the blood sugar levels are too high
When is glucagon released?
When the blood sgar levels are too low
What happens when blood sugar levels are too low?
Glucagon is released from the pancreas, glucagon stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, this continues until blood glucose levels return to normal
What happens when blood sugar levels are too high?
Insulin is released from the pancreas, insulin stimulates the liver to convert excess glucose to glycogen, this continues until the blood glucose levels return to normal
Describe two features of hormones
I the shape of the hormone is complementary to the shape of the receptor protein
They are chemical messengers
Name the storage carbohydrate into which glucose is converted
glycogen
state one function of an endocrine gland
secretes hormones into the bloodstream
