Respiration Flashcards
What is respiration?
The process of breaking down food to release energy.
Where does ATP come from?
When glucose is broken down during respiration the energy is used to make ATP
The energy released during respiration is used for cellular processes such as…
Muscle cell contraction, Mitosis, Active transport, Transmission of nerve impulses ,Protein synthesis
What type of respiration occurs when oxygen is present?
Aerobic respiration.
What is the type of respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Fermentation
How many molecules of ATP are produced in aerobic respiration?
Many
How many molecules of ATP are produced during fermentation?
2
What controls the rate of respiration reactions?
Enzymes
What us the first stage of respiration called and where does it occur?
Glycolysis, in the cytoplasm
Where is aerobic respiration completed?
In the mitochondria
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose+oxygen—->carbon dioxide+ water many ATP are produced
What happens during the first stage of respiration?
glucose is broken down to 2 pyruvate molecules yielding 2 ATP
What is the word equation for fermentation in animal cells?
Glucose—- 2x pyruvate —– lactate 2 ATP produced
What is the word equation for fermentation in plant and yeast cells?
Glucose—2x pyruvate— carbon dioxide+ethanol 2 ATP produced
When might a muscle cell switch from aerobic respiration to fermentation?
During intense exercise when cells arent getting enough oxygen.
Why do muscle cells have many mitochondria?
Muscle cells need lots of ATP for contraction aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and produces the most ATP
What type of energy is stored in glucose?
Chemical
What controls the rate of respiration?
enzymes
What is used to measure the rate of respiration in cells?
Respirometer
What is the carbohydrate broken down during respiration?
Glucose
What is the chemical formed from the splitting of glucose?
Pyruvate
What is the chemical formed during fermentation in plant cells?
Ethanol
What is a respirometer used for?
to measure the rate of respiration
Why do sperm cells have many mitochondria?
sperm cells have many mitochondria as they need lots of atp for movement
Why do nerve cells have many mitochondria?
they need lots of atp for nerve impulses transmission
