Proteins and enzymes Flashcards
What is a catalyst?
A catalyst is something that speeds up a chemical reaction but remains unchanged.
What are the types of proteins?
Structural, Hormones, Antibodies, Receptors, Enzymes
What is the function of a structural protein?
To provide strength and support to cells e.g fibres of keratin for strength in hair and nails.
What is the function of a hormone protein?
To act as chemical messengers e.g insulin regulates blood sugar content
What is the function of an antibodies protein?
destroy pathogens to protect the body against disease
What is the function of a receptors protein?
special proteins on the cell membrane that other proteins can bind to
What is the function of on enzyme protein?
These proteins speed up chemical reactions. they are called biological catalysts.
What enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water?
catalase
What are the parts of an enzyme?
Active site, substrate, enzyme
The shape of the active site is……. to only one substrate
Complimentary
Why can catalse not break down starch?
Starchis not a complimentary shape and cannot fit into the active site of catalase, it needs a different enzyme.
What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?
Amylase
What does it mean by enzymes are specific?
The shape of the enzymes active site is complimentary to one substrate.
What type of molecule are enzymes?
Proteins
What part of an enzyme does a substrate bind to?
Active site
What is the name of break down enzyme reactions? What does sit mean?
degradation reactions. large substrates are broken down to small products enzymes speed up the breakdown of large substrate molecules into smaller products
What us a synthesis reaction?
The build up of large product molecules from smaller substrate molecules which enzymes speed up.
What are enzymes and other protein affected by?
Temperature and PH
What does optimum temperature and ph mean?
Enzymes activity will be at its highest
What would happen to enzymes if the temperature was to increase too much above its optimum?
The enzymes start to become damaged and not work, they would be denatured
What happens when an enzyme is denatured?
The special shape of its active site is damaged and the shape of the active site will no longer be complimentary to the shape of the substrate, lowers the rate of the reaction
Explain why only the target tissue are affected by hormones
Target tissue have receptor proteins which are specific to a hormone
Describe the process of degradation
The enzyme and the substrate bind together, the reaction occurs at teh active site of the enzyme, two smaller products are formed
