Proteins and enzymes

Question 1

What is a catalyst?

Answer 1

A catalyst is something that speeds up a chemical reaction but remains unchanged.

Question 2

What are the types of proteins?

Answer 2

Structural, Hormones, Antibodies, Receptors, Enzymes

Question 3

What is the function of a structural protein?

Answer 3

To provide strength and support to cells e.g fibres of keratin for strength in hair and nails.

Question 4

What is the function of a hormone protein?

Answer 4

To act as chemical messengers e.g insulin regulates blood sugar content

Question 5

What is the function of an antibodies protein?

Answer 5

destroy pathogens to protect the body against disease

Question 6

What is the function of a receptors protein?

Answer 6

special proteins on the cell membrane that other proteins can bind to

Question 7

What is the function of on enzyme protein?

Answer 7

These proteins speed up chemical reactions. they are called biological catalysts.

Question 8

What enzyme breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water?

Answer 8

catalase

Question 9

What are the parts of an enzyme?

Answer 9

Active site, substrate, enzyme

Question 10

The shape of the active site is……. to only one substrate

Answer 10

Complimentary

Question 11

Why can catalse not break down starch?

Answer 11

Starchis not a complimentary shape and cannot fit into the active site of catalase, it needs a different enzyme.

Question 12

What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

Answer 12

Amylase

Question 13

What does it mean by enzymes are specific?

Answer 13

The shape of the enzymes active site is complimentary to one substrate.

Question 14

What type of molecule are enzymes?

Answer 14

Proteins

Question 15

What part of an enzyme does a substrate bind to?

Answer 15

Active site

Question 16

What is the name of break down enzyme reactions? What does sit mean?

Answer 16

degradation reactions. large substrates are broken down to small products enzymes speed up the breakdown of large substrate molecules into smaller products

Question 17

What us a synthesis reaction?

Answer 17

The build up of large product molecules from smaller substrate molecules which enzymes speed up.

Question 18

What are enzymes and other protein affected by?

Answer 18

Temperature and PH

Question 19

What does optimum temperature and ph mean?

Answer 19

Enzymes activity will be at its highest

Question 20

What would happen to enzymes if the temperature was to increase too much above its optimum?

Answer 20

The enzymes start to become damaged and not work, they would be denatured

Question 21

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 21

The special shape of its active site is damaged and the shape of the active site will no longer be complimentary to the shape of the substrate, lowers the rate of the reaction

Question 22

Explain why only the target tissue are affected by hormones

Answer 22

Target tissue have receptor proteins which are specific to a hormone

Question 23

Describe the process of degradation

Answer 23

The enzyme and the substrate bind together, the reaction occurs at teh active site of the enzyme, two smaller products are formed