Producing new cells Flashcards
What is the definition of chromosome complement?
the number of chromosomes in a cells nucleus
All human body cells have two matching sets of chromosomes what are they called?
diploid cells
The human sex cells have one set of chromosomes what are they called?
Haploid cells
what is mitosis?
the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of itself
What is the purpose of mitosis?
provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissue, replacement of dead or damaged cells
What does mitosis do to the diploid chromosome complement.
maintains the diploid chromosome complement
Why does the cell make an exact copy of all the genetic information before it divides?
so there is no loss of genetic infromation.
during mitosis chromosomes make an exact copy to form two of these?
chromatids
what are the two chromatids held together by
a centromere
What are the steps in mitosis
Each of the chromosomes replicate to form two chromatids, nuclear membrane breaks up & disintegrates, chromosomes line up along the equator of cell,chromatids pulled apart by spindle fibres, chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell and new nuclear membranes for around chromosomes, cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed, both identical to parent cell.
what is a centromere?
where chromatids are joined together
what are daughter cells
cells which are identical to original parent cell
during mitosis these contract and separate the chromatids from the equator of the cell
spindle fibres
What type of stem cells are in animals?
unspecialised cells
What do stem cells do?
are involved in growth and repair of tissues
Stem cells can divide by mitosis to produce identical stem cells what does this mean?
They can self renew
What are the two types of stem cells
embyronic and tissue
What do specialised cells lead to?
to the formation of a variety of cells tissue and organs
what are organs working together called?
a system eg nervous, cardiovascular
what is a group of cells working together called?
tissue eg nerves, muscle
what is a group of tissue working together called?
an organ eg heart, lung
how is a red blood cell adapted to its function?
cell has a biconcave shape which gives the cell a larger surface area to increase efficiency of oxygen absorption.
What conditions are required to grow human cells in a laboratory?
Aseptic technique
An appropriate growing medium
What is the feature of unspecialised cells?
Enables them to develop into many different types of cells
How is a sperm adapted to its function?
The speed has a tail to swim to the egg
What do specialised cells lead to the formation of?
Cells, tissues and organs
What are specialised cells?
Cell which have a special shape or structure to perform a particular function
What are spindle fibres?
During mitosis these contract and separate the chromatids from the equator of the cell
Nae the process in stem cells that result in specialisation into a diffrent types of cell
differentiation
What is meant by the term specialisation
The formation of a variety of cells, tissues
and organs from an unspecialised cell
Name a site of mitosis in plants
Root tip
