Producing new cells

Question 1

What is the definition of chromosome complement?

Answer 1

the number of chromosomes in a cells nucleus

Question 2

All human body cells have two matching sets of chromosomes what are they called?

Answer 2

diploid cells

Question 3

The human sex cells have one set of chromosomes what are they called?

Answer 3

Haploid cells

Question 4

what is mitosis?

Answer 4

the process by which a cell makes an exact copy of itself

Question 5

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 5

provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissue, replacement of dead or damaged cells

Question 6

What does mitosis do to the diploid chromosome complement.

Answer 6

maintains the diploid chromosome complement

Question 7

Why does the cell make an exact copy of all the genetic information before it divides?

Answer 7

so there is no loss of genetic infromation.

Question 8

during mitosis chromosomes make an exact copy to form two of these?

Answer 8

chromatids

Question 9

what are the two chromatids held together by

Answer 9

a centromere

Question 10

What are the steps in mitosis

Answer 10

Each of the chromosomes replicate to form two chromatids, nuclear membrane breaks up & disintegrates, chromosomes line up along the equator of cell,chromatids pulled apart by spindle fibres, chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell and new nuclear membranes for around chromosomes, cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are formed, both identical to parent cell.

Question 11

what is a centromere?

Answer 11

where chromatids are joined together

Question 12

what are daughter cells

Answer 12

cells which are identical to original parent cell

Question 13

during mitosis these contract and separate the chromatids from the equator of the cell

Answer 13

spindle fibres

Question 14

What type of stem cells are in animals?

Answer 14

unspecialised cells

Question 15

What do stem cells do?

Answer 15

are involved in growth and repair of tissues

Question 16

Stem cells can divide by mitosis to produce identical stem cells what does this mean?

Answer 16

They can self renew

Question 17

What are the two types of stem cells

Answer 17

embyronic and tissue

Question 18

What do specialised cells lead to?

Answer 18

to the formation of a variety of cells tissue and organs

Question 19

what are organs working together called?

Answer 19

a system eg nervous, cardiovascular

Question 20

what is a group of cells working together called?

Answer 20

tissue eg nerves, muscle

Question 21

what is a group of tissue working together called?

Answer 21

an organ eg heart, lung

Question 22

how is a red blood cell adapted to its function?

Answer 22

cell has a biconcave shape which gives the cell a larger surface area to increase efficiency of oxygen absorption.

Question 23

What conditions are required to grow human cells in a laboratory?

Answer 23

Aseptic technique
An appropriate growing medium

Question 24

What is the feature of unspecialised cells?

Answer 24

Enables them to develop into many different types of cells

Question 25

How is a sperm adapted to its function?

Answer 25

The speed has a tail to swim to the egg

Question 26

What do specialised cells lead to the formation of?

Answer 26

Cells, tissues and organs

Question 27

What are specialised cells?

Answer 27

Cell which have a special shape or structure to perform a particular function

Question 28

What are spindle fibres?

Answer 28

During mitosis these contract and separate the chromatids from the equator of the cell

Question 29

Nae the process in stem cells that result in specialisation into a diffrent types of cell

Answer 29

differentiation

Question 30

What is meant by the term specialisation

Answer 30

The formation of a variety of cells, tissues
and organs from an unspecialised cell

Question 31

Name a site of mitosis in plants

Answer 31

Root tip