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Biology > DNA and the production of proteins > Flashcards

DNA and the production of proteins Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many chromosomes do human cells contain?

A

46

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2
Q

What is each chromosome made of?

A

genes

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3
Q

What are genes and chromosomes made of ?

A

DNA

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4
Q

What is the purpose of DNA?

A

DNA carries the information to make proteins

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5
Q

What are the names of DNAs bases and what are the complementary base pairs?

A

Thymine - Adenine, Guanine - Cytosine

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6
Q

What organelles are proteins made in?

A

Ribosomes

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6
Q

What are proteins made of ?

A

Amino acids

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7
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA

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8
Q

Each set of 3 bases on a DNA strand carries the code for…

A

One amino acids

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9
Q

What is the genetic code of a gene on the DNA copied onto? and where does it happen?

A

A special molecule called mRNA, happens in the nucleus

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10
Q

What do amino acids join up to make?

A

Proteins

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11
Q

What is the function of mRNA?

A

To carry a copy of the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome.

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12
Q

What happens to the mRNA in the ribosome?

A

In the ribosome the complimentary copy is read and the information is used to assemble proteins from building blocks called amino acids.

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13
Q

How does DNA determine the sequence of amino acids?

A

The sequence of DNA bases in the genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein molecule.

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14
Q

What is the structure of the DNA?

A

a double stranded helix

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15
Q

What does the sequence of the four bases make up?

A

The genetic code of an organism.

16
Q

What is the difference between a gene that code for insulin an a gene that codes for adrenaline?

A

The order of the bases. The base pairs are always the same.

17
Q

What is the steps for making proteins?

A

The genetic code on the dna is copied onto a special molecule called mRNA. this happens in the nucleus, mRNA carries this complementary copy o gthe DNA genetic code from the nucleus to a ribosome. In the ribosome the complementary copy i read and the information is used to make proteins from amino acids

18
Q

What does the genetic code determine the order of

A

Amino acids in a protein

19
Q

Describe the feature of mRNA that ensures the correct protein is synthesised

A

The order of the bases

20
Q

Name the type of molecule coded for by a section of dna

A

Protein

21
Q

Describe the effect a mutation has on the molecule produced

A

Different order of amino acids

22
Q

State the name given to a section of DNA which codes for a protein

A

Gene

Biology (22 decks)

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