DNA and the production of proteins Flashcards
How many chromosomes do human cells contain?
46
What is each chromosome made of?
genes
What are genes and chromosomes made of ?
DNA
What is the purpose of DNA?
DNA carries the information to make proteins
What are the names of DNAs bases and what are the complementary base pairs?
Thymine - Adenine, Guanine - Cytosine
What organelles are proteins made in?
Ribosomes
What are proteins made of ?
Amino acids
What is a gene?
A section of DNA
Each set of 3 bases on a DNA strand carries the code for…
One amino acids
What is the genetic code of a gene on the DNA copied onto? and where does it happen?
A special molecule called mRNA, happens in the nucleus
What do amino acids join up to make?
Proteins
What is the function of mRNA?
To carry a copy of the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to a ribosome.
What happens to the mRNA in the ribosome?
In the ribosome the complimentary copy is read and the information is used to assemble proteins from building blocks called amino acids.
How does DNA determine the sequence of amino acids?
The sequence of DNA bases in the genetic code determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein molecule.
What is the structure of the DNA?
a double stranded helix
What does the sequence of the four bases make up?
The genetic code of an organism.
What is the difference between a gene that code for insulin an a gene that codes for adrenaline?
The order of the bases. The base pairs are always the same.
What is the steps for making proteins?
The genetic code on the dna is copied onto a special molecule called mRNA. this happens in the nucleus, mRNA carries this complementary copy o gthe DNA genetic code from the nucleus to a ribosome. In the ribosome the complementary copy i read and the information is used to make proteins from amino acids
What does the genetic code determine the order of
Amino acids in a protein
Describe the feature of mRNA that ensures the correct protein is synthesised
The order of the bases
Name the type of molecule coded for by a section of dna
Protein
Describe the effect a mutation has on the molecule produced
Different order of amino acids
State the name given to a section of DNA which codes for a protein
Gene
