Transport in animals CH9

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

It is a network of tubes called blood vessels, a pump, the heart and valves in the heart which make sure blood flows in the correct direction

Question 2

Which side of the heart contains oxygenated blood and which side contained Deoxygenated blood?

Answer 2

Left side = oxygenated blood

Right side = deoxygenated bloood

Question 3

What is a single Circulatory System?

Answer 3

In a Single Circulatory system, the blood passes through the heart once on one complete circuit. The blood travels more slowly in a Single C.S.

Question 4

What tissue is the heart made up of?

Answer 4

Cardiac Muscle

Question 5

What does the heart look like?

Answer 5

There are 2 upper chambers called the ATRIA. There are two lower chambers called the VENTRICALS. These two types of chambers are separated by the SEPTUM.

Question 6

How does the heart work?

Answer 6

Both the atria receive blood. The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins. From the atria, the blood enters the ventricals. The left ventrical pumps blood to the rest of the body and therefore has a thicker wall. The right ventrical Pumps blood into the pulmonary veins which goes to the lungs to be oxygenated

Question 7

What is the function of the valves?

Answer 7

To control the flow of blood and to prevent the backflow of blood

Question 8

What factors contribute to CHD

Answer 8

Smoking
Diet
Genes
Obesity
Stress

Question 9

What can be done to treat a patient with CHD?

Answer 9

Statins and Asprin are prescribed which lowers blood pressure. Coronary BiPass opp can be done and Angioplasty

Question 10

What do the following terms mean:
Systole
Diastole

Answer 10

SYSTOLE - When the heart contracts becoming smaller, squeezing all the blood out
DIASTOLE - When the heart relaxes becoming larger allowing blood to rush into the atria and ventricals

Question 11

What are the names of the main valves in the heart and where are they situated?

Answer 11

The BICUSPID valve is between the left atria and left ventrical.
The TRICUSPID valve is between the right atria and the right ventrical

Question 12

What are the 3 kinds of blood vessles?

Answer 12

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 13

Define Platlets

Answer 13

Small fragments formed from special cells in the bone marrow

Question 14

Why do red blood cells have a bioconcaved shape?

Answer 14

This gives them a large surface area which speed up the rate at which oxygen diffuses in and out the red blood cell

Question 15

Define Phagocytes

Answer 15

Phagocytes are white blood cells which and move around the body engulfing and destroying pathogens

Question 16

What are platlets used for?

Answer 16

Platlets are involved in blood clotting. Blood clotting prevents pathogens getting in through the skin. Blood clotting also prevents too much blood loss

Question 17

How does blood clotting work?

Answer 17

When a blood vessel is cut, the platlets bumb into the rough edges of the cut and react by releasing a chemical

In the blood plasma there is a soluble protein called FIBRINOGEN. Chemicals released by the platlets cause the fibrinogen to change into fibrin. Fibrin is insoluble. the Fibrin forms criss crossing fibres across the wound. Blood cells and platlets get trapped in the tangle of fibrin fibres, causing a blood clot

Question 18

Describe the transport of oxygen via the blood

Answer 18

In the lungs the oxygen diffuses with the haemaglobin in the blood forming OxyHaemaglobin. When the blood passes a cell that needs oxyhen the oxyhaemaglobin gives up its oxygen becoming heamaglobin again

Question 19

What is tissue fluid?

Answer 19

Consists of white blood cells and plasma that have leaked out of capillaries

Question 20

What is the function of tissue fluid?

Answer 20

The tissue fluid is the immidiate environment for every cel in your body

Question 21

What is lymph?

Answer 21

When the tissue fluid leaks into the lymphatic capillaries it is refered to as lymph