Drugs CH15

Question 1

Define what a drug is

Answer 1

A drug is any substance taken into the body that alters or has an affect on the chemical reaction in the body

Question 2

What are Antibiotics?

Answer 2

Antibiotics are medicinal drugs. Antibiotics are drugs that kill bacteria, but do not harm living cells. Penicillin is created from the microorganism penillilium The more we use antibiotics, the more selection pressure we put onto the bacteria to evolve resistance

Question 3

How do antibiotics kill bacteria and do they have an effect on viruses?

Answer 3

antibiotics kill bacteria by stopping them being able to make their cell walls. Viruses do not have cell walls and so they are unharmed by antibiotics

Question 4

What is Heroin made of?

Answer 4

Heroin is made mostly of Opium. Opium contains morphine and codine which are pain killers

Question 5

What effects does Heroin have on the body?

Answer 5

When a person takes Heroin it produces a felling of Euphoria however, Heroin is a powerful depressant. This means that is slows down many functions of the brain

Question 6

What happens when Heroin enters the brain

Answer 6

When Heroin enters the brain, the brain metabolizes it as morphine and these molecules fit into some of the endorphin receptors. This Is why taking Heroin makes you feels good

Question 7

Describe the affects of alcohol

Answer 7

Alcohol makes people feel relaxed and releases their inhibitions. Alchohol lengthens reaction time, Increases aggression in some people and Long in takes of alcohol can kill

Question 8

What is Alcoholism ?

Answer 8

Alcoholism is a disease in which a person cannot live without alcohol

Question 9

Which organs does alcohol damage?

Answer 9

Alcohol damages the liver. Most alcoholics develop Cirrhosis which is when fibres grow in the liver. Alcohol also damages the brain and causes loss of memory and confusion

Question 10

What are the affects of alcohol on the blood?

Answer 10

Drinking alcohol causes a lot of dilute urine to be produced resulting in low levels of water in the blood

Question 11

What are anabolic steroids?

Answer 11

Anabolic steroids contain the reproductive hormones testosterone, oestrogen and progesterone. Steroid hormones stimulate reaction to build up bigger molecules from smaller ones. One type of reaction stimulated by Anabolic steroids is the synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 12

What are the negative affects of steroids?

Answer 12

Steroids lower the immune system and damage the liver

Question 13

What is passive smoking?

Answer 13

Breathing in a smokers smoke

Question 14

What is the addictive drug in cigarettes ?

Answer 14

Nicotine is the addictive drug in cigarettes. It is a stimulant, which means it make a person feel more alert.

Question 15

What are the negative effects of Nicotine ?

Answer 15

it damages the circulatory system

Question 16

How does smoking relate to cancer?

Answer 16

Tar in the cigarettes contains many different chemicals which are carcinogens. These chemicals cause the cells in the lungs to divide rapidly and uncontrollably forming a tumour. If the tumour is malignant it is cancer

Question 17

How does smoking deprive the cells of oxygen?

Answer 17

Carbon Monoxide is a poisonous gas which is found in the smoke. It diffuses out the lungs and onto the blood. The CO combines with the haemoglobin in the blood. This deprives the cells of oxygen

Question 18

What is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease?

Answer 18

When the chemicals secreted by the White Blood cells breaks down the delecate walls of the avioli, reducing the surface area. This is Emphacema

Question 19

What other effects does the chemicals in the tar have on the body?

Answer 19

The Chemicals in the tar also break down the cilia in the resparitory passage and cause the goblet cells so secrete more mucus. The mucus trickles down into the lungs and stays there. This is why smokers always have a cough

Question 20

Who was the first person to recognise that smoking causes cancer ?

Answer 20

Richard Doll