Human Nutrition CH7 Flashcards
Define Absorbtion
Absorbtion is the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood
What is the most effective way to treat diahorrea?
Oral Rehydration Therapy
What is the Duodenum?
The Duodenum is part of the Small intestine that is closest to the stomach. Ftas are emulsified by bile and digested. Enzymes break down Starch into Maltose and Peptides into Amino Acids
What is the alimentary canal?
The Alimentary Canal is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. It is part of the digestive system
What do teeth help with?
Ingestion
Mechanical Digestion
Define Egestion
Egestion is the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as feaces through the anus
Explain Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
CHD Is when the coronary arteries become stiffer and narrower. Not enough blood can get to the heart. The heart muscles run short of oxygen and cannot work properly. This results in a Heart Attack
Define Assimilation
Assimilation is the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell
What do Sphincter Muscles do?
Sphincter Muscles close the alimentary canal completley in certain places when food needs to stay in a certain place
What are bile pigments made of?
Heamoglobin
What is the difference between Pepsin and Trypsin?
Pepsin breaks down proteins into Polypeptides and Trypsin breaks down peptides into amino acids
What is Diarrhoea?
Diarrhoea is the loss of watery faeces. It happens when not enough water is absorbed from the faeces
What are the functions of bile?
- To neutralise the acidic chyme
2. Bile Emulsifies fat. Emulsification is a type of mechanical digestion
What is Pancreatic Juice made of and what is the function?
Pancreatic juice is made of Sodium Hydrogencarbonate an it partially neutralises the acidic Chyme
What are the 3 uses of Fibre?
- Fibre helps to keep the alimentary canal working properly
- Fibre stimulates Peristalsis
- Fibre keeps the digestive system in good working order and prevents constipation
Why do the arteries become narrower and stiffer?
Fats deposits build up inside the arteries due to high levels of cholestrol in the blood.
Describe the term Balanced Diet
A diet which contains all 7 Nutrients in the corrects amounts and proportions is called a balanced diet
What is the hardest substance made by humans and animals?
Enamel
Describe Chemical digestion
Chemical digestion is the breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules
What does pepsin do?
Pepsin is the the main enzyme in the stomach which digests proteins into polypeptides. It works best in acidic conditions.
How does Cholera cause Diarrhoea?
The Cholera bacteria produces a toxin that stimulates the cells lining the wall of the intestine to secrete chloride ions. The release of chloride ions causes water to move into the lumen via Osmosis
Why is it good to break down your food using your teeth into smaller pieces?
Breaking your food down into smaller pieces gives the food a larger surface area which makes it easier for enzymes to act
Describe Mechanical digestion
Mechanical digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to food molecules
What covers the trachea and what is the purpose of this?
The Eppiglottis is a piece of Cartilage that covers the entrance to the trachea. The Epiglottis stops food from going down the trachea into the lungs
What is Digestion?
Digestion is when large insoluble molecules of food are broken down to small molecules.
What is Kwashiorkor?
Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition which is from not eating a balanced diet. It is a lack of protein. This usually develops when children stop feeding of breast milk. Kwashiorkor can also develop when children eat to much carbs. Their abdomen swells up
Where is bile made?
Bile is made in the Liver and is stored in the Gall Bladder
What is the ileum?
The Ileum is part of the small intestine and is closest to the colon. Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose. This is where absorbtion takes place.
Describe the term Diet.
The food an animal or Human eats everyday is called its diet
What is Chyme?
Chyme is the acidic mixture in the stomach of food. Chyme is made of Hydrochloric Acid, Enzymes and Mucus.
How is the alimentary canal lubricated and what is the purpose?
Goblet Cells secrete mucus which lubricates the alimentary canal. This helps food move along easily
Name the 7 nutrients needed in a healthy diet.
Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Water Vitamins Minerals Fibre
Define the term Peristalsis
Peristalsis is the contracting and relaxing of the muscles in the alimentary canal to help move food along.
