Human Nutrition CH7

Question 1

Define Absorbtion

Answer 1

Absorbtion is the movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 2

What is the most effective way to treat diahorrea?

Answer 2

Oral Rehydration Therapy

Question 3

What is the Duodenum?

Answer 3

The Duodenum is part of the Small intestine that is closest to the stomach. Ftas are emulsified by bile and digested. Enzymes break down Starch into Maltose and Peptides into Amino Acids

Question 4

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 4

The Alimentary Canal is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus. It is part of the digestive system

Question 5

What do teeth help with?

Answer 5

Ingestion

Mechanical Digestion

Question 6

Define Egestion

Answer 6

Egestion is the passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as feaces through the anus

Question 7

Explain Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Answer 7

CHD Is when the coronary arteries become stiffer and narrower. Not enough blood can get to the heart. The heart muscles run short of oxygen and cannot work properly. This results in a Heart Attack

Question 8

Define Assimilation

Answer 8

Assimilation is the movement of digested food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used, becoming part of the cell

Question 9

What do Sphincter Muscles do?

Answer 9

Sphincter Muscles close the alimentary canal completley in certain places when food needs to stay in a certain place

Question 10

What are bile pigments made of?

Answer 10

Heamoglobin

Question 11

What is the difference between Pepsin and Trypsin?

Answer 11

Pepsin breaks down proteins into Polypeptides and Trypsin breaks down peptides into amino acids

Question 12

What is Diarrhoea?

Answer 12

Diarrhoea is the loss of watery faeces. It happens when not enough water is absorbed from the faeces

Question 13

What are the functions of bile?

Answer 13

1. To neutralise the acidic chyme

2. Bile Emulsifies fat. Emulsification is a type of mechanical digestion

Question 14

What is Pancreatic Juice made of and what is the function?

Answer 14

Pancreatic juice is made of Sodium Hydrogencarbonate an it partially neutralises the acidic Chyme

Question 15

What are the 3 uses of Fibre?

Answer 15

1. Fibre helps to keep the alimentary canal working properly
2. Fibre stimulates Peristalsis
3. Fibre keeps the digestive system in good working order and prevents constipation

Question 16

Why do the arteries become narrower and stiffer?

Answer 16

Fats deposits build up inside the arteries due to high levels of cholestrol in the blood.

Question 17

Describe the term Balanced Diet

Answer 17

A diet which contains all 7 Nutrients in the corrects amounts and proportions is called a balanced diet

Question 18

What is the hardest substance made by humans and animals?

Answer 18

Enamel

Question 19

Describe Chemical digestion

Answer 19

Chemical digestion is the breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Question 20

What does pepsin do?

Answer 20

Pepsin is the the main enzyme in the stomach which digests proteins into polypeptides. It works best in acidic conditions.

Question 21

How does Cholera cause Diarrhoea?

Answer 21

The Cholera bacteria produces a toxin that stimulates the cells lining the wall of the intestine to secrete chloride ions. The release of chloride ions causes water to move into the lumen via Osmosis

Question 22

Why is it good to break down your food using your teeth into smaller pieces?

Answer 22

Breaking your food down into smaller pieces gives the food a larger surface area which makes it easier for enzymes to act

Question 23

Describe Mechanical digestion

Answer 23

Mechanical digestion is the breaking down of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to food molecules

Question 24

What covers the trachea and what is the purpose of this?

Answer 24

The Eppiglottis is a piece of Cartilage that covers the entrance to the trachea. The Epiglottis stops food from going down the trachea into the lungs

Question 25

What is Digestion?

Answer 25

Digestion is when large insoluble molecules of food are broken down to small molecules.

Question 26

What is Kwashiorkor?

Answer 26

Kwashiorkor is a form of malnutrition which is from not eating a balanced diet. It is a lack of protein. This usually develops when children stop feeding of breast milk. Kwashiorkor can also develop when children eat to much carbs. Their abdomen swells up

Question 27

Where is bile made?

Answer 27

Bile is made in the Liver and is stored in the Gall Bladder

Question 28

What is the ileum?

Answer 28

The Ileum is part of the small intestine and is closest to the colon. Maltase breaks down maltose into glucose. This is where absorbtion takes place.

Question 29

Describe the term Diet.

Answer 29

The food an animal or Human eats everyday is called its diet

Question 30

What is Chyme?

Answer 30

Chyme is the acidic mixture in the stomach of food. Chyme is made of Hydrochloric Acid, Enzymes and Mucus.

Question 31

How is the alimentary canal lubricated and what is the purpose?

Answer 31

Goblet Cells secrete mucus which lubricates the alimentary canal. This helps food move along easily

Question 32

Name the 7 nutrients needed in a healthy diet.

Answer 32

Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Water
Vitamins
Minerals
Fibre

Question 33

Define the term Peristalsis

Answer 33

Peristalsis is the contracting and relaxing of the muscles in the alimentary canal to help move food along.