Reproduction in Plants CH16 Flashcards
What are the two ways in which a plant can reproduce?
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
What is Asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is the fusion of male and female nuclei to form a zygote. Zygotes develop in offspring that are genetically different from each other and from their parents
How do potatoes reproduce?
Potatoes reproduce asexually using stem tubers
What is fertilisation
The fusing of an egg and sperm nuclei forming a zygote
How many chromosomes does each of the following have?
- zygote
- egg
- sperm
- 46
- 23
- 23
What is a diploid cell?
A cell which contains the full number of chromosomes, with 2 complete sets eg. Zygote
What is a haploid cell?
A cell which only has one pair of chromosomes eg. Egg and Sperm
What is a hermaphrodite?
An organism that produces both male and female gametes
What produces nectar?
The nectary gland
What are the male parts of the flower?
The stamens
What contains the male gametes?
The anther
What are the female parts of the plant?
The stigma, style, ovary and ovule. These parts make up what we call the carpel
What contain the female gametes?
A carpel contains the ovary which contains ovules which contain the female gametes
What is the function of the stigma?
The function of the stigma is to catch the pollen
How are pollen grains made?
Some of the cells around the edges of the pollen sacs divide my meiosis to make pollen grains. Each pollen grain has a hard outer coat to with stand difficult conditions
How are the female gametes made?
The female gametes inside the ovules have also been made by meiosis
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant to the female part of the plant which is often carried out by insects
What is self-pollination?
Self-pollination Is when pollen is carried to the stigma of the same flower or to another flower of the same plant
What is cross-pollination?
The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on different plants of the same species
What happens after pollination has taken place?
If the pollen grain has landed on the right kind of stigma, the pollen grain begins to grow a tube
The pollen tubes grow down the style through the ovary and towards the ovule. It secretes enzymes to digest a pathway through the style
There is a small hole in the integuments called the micropyle. The pollen goes through the micropyle
What happens after fertilisation?
After fertilisation the sepals, petals and stamens fall off. The zygote in the ovules divide by mitosis to form an embryo plant. The ovule is now called a seed
What does the plant embryo consist of?
The embryo consists of a radicle, which will grow into a root, a plumule, which will grow into a shoot
What is the first thing to happen when a seed germinates?
It first takes up water from the micropyle
What enzymes are present in the cotyledons?
Amalase and Protease are in the cotyledons and are released when the testa breaks
