Reproduction in Plants CH16

Question 1

What are the two ways in which a plant can reproduce?

Answer 1

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

Question 2

What is Asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Asexual reproduction is the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

Question 3

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

Sexual reproduction is the fusion of male and female nuclei to form a zygote. Zygotes develop in offspring that are genetically different from each other and from their parents

Question 4

How do potatoes reproduce?

Answer 4

Potatoes reproduce asexually using stem tubers

Question 5

What is fertilisation

Answer 5

The fusing of an egg and sperm nuclei forming a zygote

Question 6

How many chromosomes does each of the following have?

1. zygote
2. egg
3. sperm

Answer 6

1. 46
2. 23
3. 23

Question 7

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 7

A cell which contains the full number of chromosomes, with 2 complete sets eg. Zygote

Question 8

What is a haploid cell?

Answer 8

A cell which only has one pair of chromosomes eg. Egg and Sperm

Question 9

What is a hermaphrodite?

Answer 9

An organism that produces both male and female gametes

Question 10

What produces nectar?

Answer 10

The nectary gland

Question 11

What are the male parts of the flower?

Answer 11

The stamens

Question 12

What contains the male gametes?

Answer 12

The anther

Question 13

What are the female parts of the plant?

Answer 13

The stigma, style, ovary and ovule. These parts make up what we call the carpel

Question 14

What contain the female gametes?

Answer 14

A carpel contains the ovary which contains ovules which contain the female gametes

Question 15

What is the function of the stigma?

Answer 15

The function of the stigma is to catch the pollen

Question 16

How are pollen grains made?

Answer 16

Some of the cells around the edges of the pollen sacs divide my meiosis to make pollen grains. Each pollen grain has a hard outer coat to with stand difficult conditions

Question 17

How are the female gametes made?

Answer 17

The female gametes inside the ovules have also been made by meiosis

Question 18

What is pollination?

Answer 18

The transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant to the female part of the plant which is often carried out by insects

Question 19

What is self-pollination?

Answer 19

Self-pollination Is when pollen is carried to the stigma of the same flower or to another flower of the same plant

Question 20

What is cross-pollination?

Answer 20

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on different plants of the same species

Question 21

What happens after pollination has taken place?

Answer 21

If the pollen grain has landed on the right kind of stigma, the pollen grain begins to grow a tube

The pollen tubes grow down the style through the ovary and towards the ovule. It secretes enzymes to digest a pathway through the style

There is a small hole in the integuments called the micropyle. The pollen goes through the micropyle

Question 22

What happens after fertilisation?

Answer 22

After fertilisation the sepals, petals and stamens fall off. The zygote in the ovules divide by mitosis to form an embryo plant. The ovule is now called a seed

Question 23

What does the plant embryo consist of?

Answer 23

The embryo consists of a radicle, which will grow into a root, a plumule, which will grow into a shoot

Question 24

What is the first thing to happen when a seed germinates?

Answer 24

It first takes up water from the micropyle

Question 25

What enzymes are present in the cotyledons?

Answer 25

Amalase and Protease are in the cotyledons and are released when the testa breaks