Respiration and Gas Exchange CH11 Flashcards
Name 3 Examples for in humans what do our cells need energy for?
- Contracting muscles so we can move
- Active Transport
- Producing heat inside the body
Define Respiration.
Respiration is the chemical reactions in the cells that breakdown nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism. Respiration uses enzymes.
Define Aerobic Respiration.
The chemical reactions in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy for metabolism.
What is the word and chemical equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 +6H20
Where do most of the steps of aerobic respiration take place?
In the Mitochondria
Define Anaerobic Respiration.
Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy, WITHOUT oxygen.
Which type of respiration is more efficient?
Aerobic respiration is more efficient. More energy is release per glucose molecule
Describe Yeast
Yeast is a single-celled organism that respires anaerobically. It breaks down glucose to alcohol.
What is the word and chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose = Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
How do muscle cells respire?
Muscle cells can respire anaerobically but don’t produce Carbon Dioxide and Lactic Acid instead of Alcohol
Compare Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration.
AEROBIC RESPIRATION:
- Uses oxygen
- No Alcohol or Lactic acid made
- Large amounts of energy
- Carbon Dioxide released
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:
- Does not use oxygen
- Alcohol made in plants. Lactic acid in Humans and animals
- Much less energy
- CO2 produced in yeast and plants but not in animals and humans
Describe a Gas Exchange surface.
They are thin
Close to a transport system
Large surface area
Good supply or oxygen
Describe the human breathing system.
Lungs are the most important. Each lung is filled with tiny air sacs called Avioli. It is in the Avioli that the oxygen diffuses into the blood. The lungs are supplied with oxygen by the trachea.
Describe breathing
Muscular movements which cause air to move in and out the lungs
Name the two parts of the body that help you breath
Intercostal Muscles and the diaphram
Describe Inspiration
When breathing in the muscles of the diaphram contract. This pulls the diaphram downwards, which increases the volume of the thorax. At the same time the external intercostal muscles contract, This pulls the rib cage upwards and outwards. When this happens the pressure indide falls below atmospheric pressure. Extra space has been created and air therefore rushes along the trachea and bronchi into the lungs
Describe Expiration
When breathing out the muscles of the diaphram relax. The diaphram springs back into its original domed shape. The external intercostal muscles relax. The rib cage moves back into its original position. This decreases the volume of the thorax. The pressure inside the lungs is more than the atmospheric pressure, therefore the air is squeezed out.
Describe what happens to your breathing rate while you are exercising.
When you are exercising your muscles cannot get oxygen fast enough. Your body then switches to anaerobic respiration. Lactic acid can be broken down when in contact with Oxygen.
When there is a lot of Carbon Dioxide and lactic acid in the blood the PH lowers, meaning the blood is more acidic. The brain scences this and when it does it sends nerve impulses to the diaphram and intercostal muscles, stimulating them to contract faster and harder. This results in a faster breathing rate and deeper breaths
What is Oxygen debt?
While you are exercising you build up an oxygen debt. You borrowed some extra energy without paying for it with oxygen. Now that lactic acid is combined with oxygen you are paying off this debt
