Respiration and Gas Exchange CH11

Question 1

Name 3 Examples for in humans what do our cells need energy for?

Answer 1

1. Contracting muscles so we can move
2. Active Transport
3. Producing heat inside the body

Question 2

Define Respiration.

Answer 2

Respiration is the chemical reactions in the cells that breakdown nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism. Respiration uses enzymes.

Question 3

Define Aerobic Respiration.

Answer 3

The chemical reactions in cells that uses oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy for metabolism.

Question 4

What is the word and chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 +6H20

Question 5

Where do most of the steps of aerobic respiration take place?

Answer 5

In the Mitochondria

Question 6

Define Anaerobic Respiration.

Answer 6

Chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy, WITHOUT oxygen.

Question 7

Which type of respiration is more efficient?

Answer 7

Aerobic respiration is more efficient. More energy is release per glucose molecule

Question 8

Describe Yeast

Answer 8

Yeast is a single-celled organism that respires anaerobically. It breaks down glucose to alcohol.

Question 9

What is the word and chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 9

Glucose = Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide
C6H12O6 = 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 10

How do muscle cells respire?

Answer 10

Muscle cells can respire anaerobically but don’t produce Carbon Dioxide and Lactic Acid instead of Alcohol

Question 11

Compare Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration.

Answer 11

AEROBIC RESPIRATION:

1. Uses oxygen
2. No Alcohol or Lactic acid made
3. Large amounts of energy
4. Carbon Dioxide released

ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION:

1. Does not use oxygen
2. Alcohol made in plants. Lactic acid in Humans and animals
3. Much less energy
4. CO2 produced in yeast and plants but not in animals and humans

Question 12

Describe a Gas Exchange surface.

Answer 12

They are thin
Close to a transport system
Large surface area
Good supply or oxygen

Question 13

Describe the human breathing system.

Answer 13

Lungs are the most important. Each lung is filled with tiny air sacs called Avioli. It is in the Avioli that the oxygen diffuses into the blood. The lungs are supplied with oxygen by the trachea.

Question 14

Describe breathing

Answer 14

Muscular movements which cause air to move in and out the lungs

Question 15

Name the two parts of the body that help you breath

Answer 15

Intercostal Muscles and the diaphram

Question 16

Describe Inspiration

Answer 16

When breathing in the muscles of the diaphram contract. This pulls the diaphram downwards, which increases the volume of the thorax. At the same time the external intercostal muscles contract, This pulls the rib cage upwards and outwards. When this happens the pressure indide falls below atmospheric pressure. Extra space has been created and air therefore rushes along the trachea and bronchi into the lungs

Question 17

Describe Expiration

Answer 17

When breathing out the muscles of the diaphram relax. The diaphram springs back into its original domed shape. The external intercostal muscles relax. The rib cage moves back into its original position. This decreases the volume of the thorax. The pressure inside the lungs is more than the atmospheric pressure, therefore the air is squeezed out.

Question 18

Describe what happens to your breathing rate while you are exercising.

Answer 18

When you are exercising your muscles cannot get oxygen fast enough. Your body then switches to anaerobic respiration. Lactic acid can be broken down when in contact with Oxygen.
When there is a lot of Carbon Dioxide and lactic acid in the blood the PH lowers, meaning the blood is more acidic. The brain scences this and when it does it sends nerve impulses to the diaphram and intercostal muscles, stimulating them to contract faster and harder. This results in a faster breathing rate and deeper breaths

Question 19

What is Oxygen debt?

Answer 19

While you are exercising you build up an oxygen debt. You borrowed some extra energy without paying for it with oxygen. Now that lactic acid is combined with oxygen you are paying off this debt