Transport in animals

Question 1

What is a circulatory system

Answer 1

Circulatory system is a network of tubes called blood vessels. It has a pump, the heart, which keeps the blood flowing through the tubes. It also has valves and blood vessels to ensure that blood flows in the right direction.

Question 2

What is the difference of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Answer 2

Oxygenated blood is oxygen-rich blood from the left side of the heart to all parts of the body. Deoxygenated blood is the blood after the cells has taken the oxygen for body respiration, releasing carbon dioxide instead.

Question 3

Difference of double and single circulatory system

Answer 3

Double circulatory system has the blood [asses through the heart during one cardiac cycle while single passes through the heart once. Double occurs in four chambered heart, single via two chambered. Blood flows quicker (more pressure) and carries the function more efficiently in double.

Question 4

Heart is made out of what muscle

Answer 4

Cardiac muscle

Question 5

Describe the four chambers of a heart

Answer 5

Two upper chambers are called the atria. It receives blood from pulmonary vein and vena cava. Two lower chambers are ventricles. It contracts and relaxes, to push the blood out of the heart to aorta or pulmonary artery. Ventricles has thicker muscle than atria. Left ventricle is thicker and stronger than the right, since it pushes blood to the rest of the body.

Question 6

What is coronary artery, why is it there

Answer 6

It is the vessels that supplies blood to the heart muscle. The heart muscle is too thick to allow diffusion of blood in nutrients and oxygen.

Question 7

Factors that increase the risk of getting CHD

Answer 7

Smoking cigarettes, diet, genes, obesity, stress

Question 8

What causes a heart beat

Answer 8

Pulse rate is caused by the expansion and relaxation of an artery while blood flows through it. It is the same as the heart rate.

Question 9

What is a pace maker

Answer 9

Pace maker is a patch of muscle in the right atrium which sends electric signals to change the heart beat according to the needs of the body.

Question 10

What happens during one heart beat

Answer 10

When heart beats, the muscle in the walls contract and relaxes. When it contracts, it squeezed to push the blood out, called the systole. When it relaxes, it enlarge and allows the blood flow from atria to ventricle, called diastole. As the blood contracts, valve prevents the blood to flow backwards. Valve in the vein, atrioventricular, and semilunar vein.

Question 11

Imagine a heart and mention it’s section names

Answer 11

x

Question 12

Function and structure of arteries

Answer 12

Carry blood away from the heart. It’s thick and strong, contains muscle with elastic tissue and relatively narrow. To withstand the pulsing blood from the heart.

Question 13

Function and structure of capillaries

Answer 13

Supply all cells with their requirements. It’s very thin, only one cell thick, very narrow. To allow diffusion.

Question 14

Function and structure of veins

Answer 14

Returns blood to the heart. Quite thin, less muscle and elastic tissue than arteries, wide and contains blood. It has low pressure.

Question 15

Mention the blood vessels in a liver and its function

Answer 15

Hepatic artery: Supplies oxygen
Hepatic vein: Where all the blood leaves
Hepatic portal vein: Brings blood from the digestive system for the liver to process it first before travelling to other parts of the body.

Question 16

Mention kidney’s blood vessels

Answer 16

Renal artery

Renal vein

Question 17

How does exercise affects heart rate

Answer 17

When you exercise, the body needs more oxygen. So the heart will have to pump blood faster than usual to supply the cells with enough oxygen. This means the heart will beat more.

Question 18

What is plasma and its function

Answer 18

Plasma is mostly water and have substances dissolved in it. It provides a liquid medium for cells and platelets to float.

Question 19

What is red blood cell and its function

Answer 19

Made in bone marrow in a very fast rate. It’s contains haemoglobin protein that carries oxygen and makes it red. It has no nucleus and shaped of biconcave discs.

Question 20

What is white blood cell and its function

Answer 20

Fight pathogens (disease causing bacteria or virus), clear up dead body cells, or produce antibodies.

Question 21

Phagocyte is an example of

Answer 21

White blood cell

Question 22

Platelets

Answer 22

Small fragments of cells with no nucleus, made in red bone marrow and is involved in blood clotting.

Question 23

Describe how blood clotting process happens

Answer 23

Blood vessels are often smooth, when there is a cut, platelets bump into these rough edges and releases a chemical. The chemicals and damages tissues set a range chain of reactions, causing fibrinogen in the plasma to change into fibrin. The fibrin forms fibres. The fibre causes the red blood cells and platelets gets trapped, forming a blood clot.

Question 24

What is tissue fluid

Answer 24

It is the plasma and white blood cells that escapes from gaps of capillaries which supplies cells with their requirements.

Question 25

What is lymph and lymph nodes

Answer 25

The substance when tissue fluid joins in lymphatic capillaries into vessels and into subclavian veins (back into the blood). Lymph nodes contains large number of white blood cells.