Biology Ch.7 Flashcards
Mention all nutrients most animals need
Carbohydrate, protein, fats, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre
What is a balanced diet
When all nutrients are consumed in the right amount and proportion
Which form contains the most energy
Fat
Which is the organic and inorganic substance
Organic = Vitamins Inorganic = Minerals
Examples of vitamins and minerals
Vit C and Vit D
Calcium and iron
Where do fibre come from
Plant foods such as vegetables and fruits
Where can saturated fat and cholesterol be found
On animal foods, such as dairy products, red meat, eggs
Mention two types of malnutrition and its cause
Kwashiorkor = Lack of protein in the diet Marasmus = Lack of both protein and energy in the diet
What is digestion
Molecules that are broken down into small ones to be absorbed.
Nutrients and the enzyme
Starch by amylase into glucose
Protein by protease into amino acids
Fat by lipase into fatty acids and glycerol
Definition of mechanical and chemical digestion
Mechanical = The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change of the food molecules. Chemical = The breakdown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules.
Mention all parts of a tooth
Enamel, dentine, pulp cavity (blood vessel and nerves), gum, cement, fibres, jawbone, and blood supply
Mention all types of teeth
Incisors, canines, premolars, molars, wisdom teeth
Explain how tooth decay happens
Bacteria feeds on leftover particles of sugary foods to form acid. This will dissolve a hole in the enamel and dentine. It gets to the nerves and it’ll get painful.
What are two parts of small intestine
Duodenum and ileum
What is in pancreatic juice?
Amylase, protease and lipase
What is the two function of bile?
Helps neutralize the acidic mixture from the stomach and emulsifies large fat droplets into smaller ones.
What do cells covering Villi makes?
Enzymes such as maltase, protease and lipase
What is the process of faeces that pass out through the anus called?
Egestion
What is inside a chyme, and where is it found?
Chyme is a mixture found in the stomach, which includes the churned food, mucus, enzyme mainly pepsin and hydrochloric acid.
What is inside a saliva
Amylase, water and mucus
