Chemistry Acids, bases, and salts Flashcards

1
Q

Mention all 3 of neutralisation reactions

A
  • acid + base = salt + water
  • acid + metal = salt + hydrogen
  • acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide
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2
Q

Mention the common alkalis (4)

A
  • sodium hydroxide solution
  • potassium hydroxide solution
  • calcium hydroxide solution
  • ammonia solution (ammonium hydroxide)
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3
Q

Mention common bases (2)

A
  • calcium oxide

- magnesium oxide

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4
Q

Difference of alkalis and base

A
  • All alkalis are base but not all base are alkalis
  • Base does not dissolve in water, bases that dissolves in water are alkalis.
  • Base neutralize acid, alkali releases OH- ions and accepts a proton
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5
Q

Examples of indicators and it’s colors in acidic, neutral and alkaline

A
  • Red litmus: Red in acidic, red in neutral, blue in alkaline
  • Blue litmus: Red in acidic, blue in neutral, blue in alkaline
  • Methyl orange: Red in acidic, yellow in neutral, yellow in alkaline
  • Litmus: Red in acidic, purple in neutral, blue in alkalis
  • Universal indicator: Red in strongly acidic, green in neutral, violet in strongly alkaline
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6
Q

Difference of acids and bases with protons

A

Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors

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7
Q

Meaning of weak and strong acid

A
  • Strong acid completely dissociates to release H+ ions in aqueous solution.
  • Weak acid partially dissociates to release H+ ions in aqueous solution.
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8
Q

Meaning of weak and strong base

A
  • Strong base fully dissociates to release OH- ions in aqueous solution.
  • Weak base partially dissociates to release OH- ions in aqueous solution.
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9
Q

What do acid and base release in aqueous solution

A

Acid releases H+ ions, base releases OH- ions in aqueous solution

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10
Q

What does concentrated and dilute means

A

When dissolved in water, large amount of water is dilute while small amount of water is concentrated

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11
Q

What is pH scale

A

Measures the acidity and alkalinity of a solution, H+ or the OH- ion concentrations present

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12
Q

Why is it important to control acidity in soil

A

If the pH of soil is too low, or too acidic, this would mean the plants would be unable to grow in these acidic soils. Farmers use calcium oxide to neutralize.

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13
Q

Explain oxides

A

Oxides has non-metal oxide and metal oxide. Non-metal oxide has acidic properties and can be neutral oxide that does not neutralize any acid or base. Metal oxide has basic properties and can be amphoteric that neutralize both acid and base.

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14
Q

What are amphoteric

A

Neutralize both acid and bases to form salt and water.

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15
Q

What can we use to make an oxide

A

Sulfur

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16
Q

Prepare salts from insoluble base

A

Excess base is added to the acid, filter our to remove any unreacted base that’s been added, heat solution or leave in warm place to evaporate the water, allowing crystals of salts to form

17
Q

Prepare salts from soluble base

A

Use an acid-base titration to find the exact volume of the soluble base that reacts with the acid, mix these correct proportions which will produce salt and water only, warm solution to evaporate the water and leave crystals of salt

18
Q

Suggest the method of making salt where reactants are soluble

A

Titration

19
Q

Suggest the method of making salt where the base is insoluble

A

Add excess of base to ensure complete neutralization