History, How secure was the USSR control over Eastern Europe

Question 1

Two key groups that defeated Hitler’s forces

Answer 1

Local partisans, The Red Army of the USSR

Question 2

Differing perspectives

Answer 2

Many communists believed Moscow offered the best source of protection, others on the left believed that their country should be fully independent without taking orders from the USSR (Josef Tito), and a third group wanted to ally with the US and the West

Question 3

List the reasons why Hungary was resistant to Soviet control.

Answer 3

Hungary was a strongly religious nation and the Catholic church was a very powerful institution, Hungary was a join partner in the Austro-Hungarian empire, Hungarians were nationalistic

Question 4

Who was Stalin’s main ally in Hungary

Answer 4

Matyas Rakosi

Question 5

Give a summary of what happened in Hungary after Stalin died.

Answer 5

Anti-communist demonstrations in East Berlin were crushed my armies and police. The USSR troops withdraw from Austria that had stationed there since the end of second world war.

Question 6

Opposition in Moscow

Answer 6

After Stalin died, Nikita Krushchev won control over the government. Rakosi was replaces by Erno Gero. Rajk’s funeral became a public demonstration. Students, soldiers, and workers rioted over Stalinist long term control over Moscow.

Question 7

Define secret speech

Answer 7

A speech from Nikita Krushchev after Stalin died that stunned the audience from announcing a change of direction and criticizing Stalin dictator’s rule.

Question 8

Define Radio Free Europe

Answer 8

Radio provided for people who lives in communist countries in Eastern Europe funded by the US and assisted by the CIA

Question 9

Who was Nikita Khrushchev?

Answer 9

He was a Stalin loyalist in the 1930s and managed to win control of the communist party after Stalin’s death. Made the secret speech.

Question 10

What did Krushchev did on 4 November

Answer 10

Sent 200,000 men and 2000 tanks to fight in Budapest (Hungary) that lasted for a week.

Question 11

What was Czechoslovakia created out of?

Answer 11

Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1919.

Question 12

Czechoslovakia was ________________ the strongest of the Eastern European countries.

Answer 12

economically

Question 13

What happened in the winter of 1946/47?

Answer 13

Czechoslovakia was hit by the harsh economic condition.

Question 14

What was Czechoslovakia created out of?

Answer 14

Austro Hungarian empire

Question 15

Who was Jan Masaryk

Answer 15

A popular liberal and the only non-communist left in the government.

Question 16

What did Jan Masaryk’s death do?

Answer 16

It encouraged the United States Congress to support the Marshall Plan.

Question 17

What were the causes of opposition to Soviet Rule?

Answer 17

There were many protests, too much influence from communist leaders in Czechoslovakia, attitude hardened in the 1990s because economy was clearly failing, they wanted to relax communism but not ending it.

Question 18

Define “socialism with a human face”.

Answer 18

Was meant to show socialist (in this context communist) that policies could and should be more about human rights than power policies.

Question 19

Who became leader of the USSR after Khrushchev?

Answer 19

Leonid Brezhnev

Question 20

What were Dubcek’s reforms?

Answer 20

• Freedom of speech
• Czechoslovaks were allowed to visit other countries beyond the iron curtains.
• Businesses could run themselves
• Workers’ councils could be formed
• A new parliament was to be freely elected

Question 21

Define trade unions.

Answer 21

Organisations campaigning for increased wages and improved working conditions for members

Question 22

What was Brezhnev’s reaction to Dubcek’s reform

Answer 22

Predictably negative

Question 23

Which countries did Dubcek turn to for help and who were their leaders?

Answer 23

Romania and Yugoslavia Nicolai Ceaușescu and Joseph Tito

Question 24

What did Brezhnev do in August?

Answer 24

Carried out his threat and sent in 200,000 troops and 2,000 tanks to capture Prague.

Question 25

What were the two main domestic consequences?

Answer 25

An estimated of 150,000 people managed to escape the country into Austria and Germany during Soviet’s invasion.
A lone protest was made by a student names Jan Palach.

Question 26

What were the two main external consequences?

Answer 26

The Chinese was furious with Brezhnev, because they disapproved the Hungarian invasion.
Give rise to Brezhnev doctrine.

Question 27

What is Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 27

Stated that Moscow had the right to interfere with military forces if any country in Eastern Europe attempted to abandon communism.