Transplantation

Question 1

What is an Autograft? Isograft? Allograft? Xenograft?

Answer 1

Auto: one part of body to another.
Iso: between genetically identical people.
Allo: Different members of same species.
Xeno: between members of different species.

Question 2

What are some major reasons host versus graft responses occur?

Answer 2

1. Differences in major HLA antigens.
2. High freq. of host T cells recognizing graft HLA.
3. Host T cells recognizing minor HLA Ags.

Question 3

What is graft versus host disease?

Answer 3

Graft lymphocytes attack recipient.

Question 4

What is a Hyperacute rejection? Mediated by?

Answer 4

Occurs within minutes to hours by Antibodies.

Question 5

What is Acute rejection? Mediated by?

Answer 5

Occurs in days-weeks by alloreactive T cells.

Question 6

What are the two major methods for prevention of allograft rejection?

Answer 6

1. Careful matching of donor and recipeint (Blood type, HLA).
2. Use immunosuppressive drugs to block immune response.

Question 7

HLA matching is also called?

Answer 7

Tissue typing.

Question 8

What is tissue cross-matching?

Answer 8

Determines whether a patient has Antibodies that will react to donor WBC.

Question 9

Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus are what type of inhibitors? Mechanism?

Answer 9

Block T-cell activation by calcineurin inhibition which blocks IL-2 production.

Question 10

Sirolimus is what type of inhibitor? Mechanism?

Answer 10

Block T cell function by inhibiting mTOR which prevents IL-2 proliferation.

Question 11

Antithymocyte Globulin is what type of inhibitor? Mechanism?

Answer 11

Block T and B cells by binding to them.

Question 12

Murononab is what type of inhibitor? Mechanism?

Answer 12

Depletes circulating T cells by binding to a-CD3.

Question 13

Daclizumab and Basiliximab are what type of inhibitors? Mechanism?

Answer 13

Blocks T cell proliferation by binding to IL-2 receptors and preventing IL-2 binding.

Question 14

Azathioprine and Mycophenolate mofetil are what type of inibitors? Mechanism/

Answer 14

Block T and B cell proliferation by inhibition of purine synthesis.

Question 15

Prednisone and Methylprednisolone are what type of Drugs? Inhibit what? Mechanisms?

Answer 15

Corticosteroid drugs. Inhibits both T and B cell function. decreases synthesis of Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes.

Question 16

What are common manifestations in chronic Graft Versus Host Disease?

Answer 16

Oral manifestations such as mucosal atrophy and ulcerations, taste disturbances, salivary gland hypofunction.