T-Cell Development and Activation

Question 1

What is the maturation pathway of T-Cells? What proteins are involved?

Answer 1

Double Negative (NP)–>Double Positive (DP)–>Single Positive. Involving the CD4 and CD8.

Question 2

What causes T-cells to commit to T-cells once they arrive in the thymus?

Answer 2

Notch.

Question 3

What is the structure of T Cell Receptors?

Answer 3

alpha and beta chains with a variable and and constant region in each.

Question 4

What kind of selection do t-cells go through? How do they want to recognize self peptides?

Answer 4

Positive and negative selection. Want to bind self peptides, but not too tight.

Question 5

What are activated in the initiation of apoptosis?

Answer 5

Caspases.

Question 6

What signals do T-cells require in order to be activated? How many signals does it need to respond?

Answer 6

Require antigen presentation as first signal. Can receive other secondary signals from molecules. Needs two signals to be responsive.

Question 7

What do CD8+ T cells do? CD4+

Answer 7

CD8+= Killer T cells/macrophage activation 
CD4+= Activates machophages, B cells,

Question 8

What do superantigens do?

Answer 8

Superantigens are a special class of T-cell activators that circumvent the need for 2 signals and produce a dramatic cytokine response.

Question 9

What do TH1, TH2, TH17, TREG, TFH react in response to?

Answer 9

TH1=Intracellular pathogens
TH2= Extracellular Pathogens 
TH17=Fungi and Bacteria
TREG=inhibits inflammation
TFH=B cell help in follicles and germinal centers.